Kei te tupu te mākete o te ao mō ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou i runga i te auahatanga me te pono, ā, he iti noa ngā kaihanga e ārahi tonu ana i te tere. Kua whiwhi ngā kamupene pēnei i a Panasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, me EBL i tō rātou ingoa rongonui nā roto i te hangarau matatau me te mahi tino pai. Hei tauira, e rongonui ana a Panasonic mō āna pākahiko lithium-ion matatau, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā waka hiko me ngā hikohiko kaihoko. E tu motuhake ana a LG Chem me Samsung SDI mō ā rāua mekameka tuku kaha me ngā hea mākete nui, me te ripoata a Samsung SDI i te moni whiwhi ā-tau o te rāngai pākahiko o KRW 15.7 trillion. He tino pai a CATL i roto i te pumau me te tauine, ko EBL ia e tuku ana i ngā otinga kaha-teitei e hāngai ana ki ngā hiahia o te kaihoko. Ka whakatakotohia e ēnei kaihanga ngā paearu mō ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou i te kounga teitei rawa atu e pā ana ki te roa, te haumaru, me te mahi pumau.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Ngā kaihanga o Panasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, me EBLngā pākahiko whakahou nuiHe pai ia kamupene ki ngā mea pēnei i ngā whakaaro hou, te atawhai i te taiao, me te mahi.
- Ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion te mea pai rawa atu mō te pupuri i te nui o te pūngao me te roa o te wā. He pai te mahi i roto i ngā waea me ngā motuka hiko, ka homai he mana pumau me te kaha.
- He mea tino nui te haumaru mō ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou. Tirohia ngā tapanga pēnei i te IEC 62133 kia tino whai i ngā ture haumaru, kia iti ake ai te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru.
- Whakaarohia ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e tō pūrere ina whiriwhiri ana i tētahi pākahiko. Kōwhiria tētahi e rite ana ki ngā hiahia hiko o tō pūrere kia pai ake ai te whakamahinga me te roa ake o te ora.
- Mā te tiaki i ngā pākahiko ka roa ake te ora. Puritia kia matara atu i ngā wāhi tino wera, tino makariri hoki, kaua hoki e utaina rawatia kia pai ai te mahi.
Ngā Paearu mō ngā Pūhiko Whakahoki Anō Kounga Teitei
Te Kīanga Pūngao
He mea nui te mātotoru o te pūngao hei whakatau i te mahi a ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou. Ka ine i te nui o te pūngao e rongoa ana mō ia taumaha, mō ia rōrahi rānei, e pā tika ana ki te pai o te pākahiko me tōna kawe. Hei tauira, ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion he mātotoru pūngao ine taumaha mai i te 110 ki te 160 Wh/kg, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki ngā pūtake hiko māmā me te kiato, pērā i ngā waea atamai me ngā waka hiko.
E kitea ana ngā taupatupatu i waenga i te mātotoru o te pūngao me ētahi atu āhuatanga, pērā i te roa o te huringa, puta noa i ngā momo pākahiko rerekē. Ka whakaratohia e ngā pākahiko Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) ngā mātotoru pūngao i waenga i te 60 me te 120 Wh/kg, e whakataurite ana i te kaha taurite me te utu whaitake. He rerekē, ka tukuna e ngā pākahiko kawakore ka taea te whakamahi anō he mātotoru pūngao tīmatanga o te 80 Wh/kg engari he iti noa te roa o te huringa o te 50 huringa.
| Momo Pūhiko | Te Matū Pūngao Taumaha (Wh/kg) | Te Ora Huringa (ki te 80% o te kaha tīmatanga) | Ātete ā-roto (mΩ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NiCd | 45-80 | 1500 | 100 ki te 200 |
| NiMH | 60-120 | 300 ki te 500 | 200 ki te 300 |
| Waikawa Mata | 30-50 | 200 ki te 300 | <100 |
| Li-ion | 110-160 | 500 ki te 1000 | 150 ki te 250 |
| Pūmua Li-ion | 100-130 | 300 ki te 500 | 200 ki te 300 |
| Kawakore Whakamahi Anō | 80 (tuatahi) | 50 | 200 ki te 2000 |
Tohutohu:Ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i tengā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou kounga teiteime whakarite i ngā kōwhiringa lithium-ion mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia nui te pūngao me te roa o te huringa ora.
Te Roa o te Ora me te Pumautanga
Ko te roa o te ora o te pākahiko ka taea te whakahou e pā ana ki te maha o ngā huringa utu-tukunga ka taea e ia te tu atu i mua i te hekenga o tōna kaha ki raro iho i te 80% o te uara taketake. Ko te pakari, i tetahi atu taha, e pā ana ki te kaha o te pākahiko ki te tu atu i ngā taumahatanga taiao, pērā i te piki me te heke o te pāmahana me ngā pānga miihini.
He mea nui ngā whakamātautau roa-ora me ngā tauira koroheketanga tere ki te aromatawai i te roa o te pākahiko. Ka whakatauirahia e ēnei whakamātautau ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu, tae atu ki ngā hohonutanga rerekē o te tukunga me ngā tere utu, hei matapae i te roa o te pākahiko. Hei tauira, ko te roa o te pākahiko lithium-ion i waenga i te 500 me te 1,000 huringa, i runga i ngā tauira whakamahinga me ngā āhuatanga rokiroki. Ko ngā pākahiko Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd), e mōhiotia ana mō tō rātou pakari, ka taea te whakatutuki i te 1,500 huringa, e pai ai mō ngā tono ahumahi.
Tuhipoka:Mā te penapena me te tiaki tika ka roa ake te ora o te pākahiko. Kaua e tukua ngā pākahiko ki ngā pāmahana tino wera, kaua hoki e whakapau kaha rawa kia mau tonu ai te roa.
Ngā Āhuatanga Haumaru
He mea nui te haumaru i roto i te hoahoa pākahiko ka taea te whakahou, nā te mea ka taea e ngā aituā e pā ana ki te pakaru o te pākahiko te arahi ki ngā hua kino. Ka whakauruhia e ngā kaihanga he maha ngā tikanga haumaru, pēnei i ngā tapahi wera, ngā pūhaumāota whakaiti pehanga, me ngā hanganga electrolyte matatau, hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea.
E whakaatu ana ngā aituā haumaru o mua i te hiranga o te whakamātautau pakari me te tutuki i ngā paerewa pēnei i te IEC 62133. Hei tauira, i pāngia te Boeing 787 Dreamliner e te pakaru o te pākahiko i te tau 2013 nā te poto o te hiko, ā, i puta ai ngā whakarerekētanga hoahoa hei whakarei ake i te haumaru. Waihoki, i whakaatuhia e te tukinga o te waka utanga UPS 747-400 i te tau 2010 ngā tūponotanga o ngā ahi pākahiko lithium, ā, i hua ake ai he ture pakari ake mō te kawe waka rererangi.
| Whakaahuatanga o te Aituā | Tau | Hua |
|---|---|---|
| Te pakaru o te pākahiko o te Boeing 787 Dreamliner nā te poto o te hiko | 2013 | Kua whakarerekētia te hoahoa pākahiko mō te haumaru |
| Nā te pākahiko lithium i mura ai te waka utanga UPS 747-400 | 2010 | Tukinga waka rererangi nā te ahi |
| I pūrongo te Poari Haumaru Waka ā-Motu i ngā aituā pākahiko me ngā pākahiko NiCd | ngā tau 1970 | Ngā whakapainga haumaru i mahia i roto i te wā |
Whakatūpato:Me rapu ngā kaihoko i ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te IEC 62133 ina hoko ana i ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou hei whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao.
Te Pūmautanga o te Mahi
He mea nui te ōritetanga o te mahi ina aromatawaihia ana ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou. E pā ana tēnei ki te kaha o te pākahiko ki te pupuri i ngā inenga mahi pumau, pērā i te pupuri i te kaha me te putanga pūngao, i roto i ngā huringa utu-tukunga auau. Ka whakatairangahia tēnei āhuatanga e ngā kaihanga kia pono ai ngā tono maha, mai i ngā hikohiko kaihoko ki ngā taputapu ahumahi.
Ngā Inenga Matua mō te Ine i te Tūturutanga
He maha ngā whakamātautau me ngā inenga e aromatawai ana i te pumau o te mahi a ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou. Mā ēnei aromatawai ka kitea te pai o te pupuri a te pākahiko i tōna kaha me tōna mahi i roto i te wā. Kei te ripanga i raro nei ētahi o ngā inenga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga:
| Whakamātautau/Ine | Uara i te Huringa 235 | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|---|
| Te Pupuri i te Kaha (Si-C Tahanga) | 70.4% | E tohu ana i te ōrau o te kaha taketake e puritia ana i muri i te 235 huringa. |
| Te Pupuri i te Pūngao (Si-C/PD1) | 85.2% | He teitei ake te pupuri i te Si-C tahanga, e whakaatu ana i te mahi pai ake. |
| Te Pupuri i te Pūngao (Si-C/PD2) | 87.9% | Ko te mahi pai rawa atu i roto i ngā tauira, e tohu ana i te pumau teitei ake i roto i ngā huringa. |
| ckatoa (60% Irahiko) | 60.9 mAh μl–1 | Tohu mahi ōrite, kāore e pāngia e te rahinga o ngā irahiko. |
| ckatoa (80% Irahiko) | 60.8 mAh μl–1 | He rite ki te 60% electrolyte, e whakaatu ana i te pono puta noa i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. |
| Aromatawai i te Ora Huringa | Kāore he | Tikanga paerewa hei aromatawai i te mahi a te pākahiko i roto i te wā. |
E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga he pai ake te pupuri i te kaha o ngā pākahiko me ngā hanganga matatau, pērā i te Si-C/PD2. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te hiranga o te auahatanga rauemi hei whakatutuki i te mahi pumau.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Pūmautanga o te Mahi
He maha ngā āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana ki te pumau o ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou. Ko ētahi o ēnei:
- Te Hanganga o ngā RauemiKo ngā rauemi kounga teitei, pērā i ngā hiato silicon-waro, ka whakarei ake i te pumau me te whakaiti i te pirau i roto i te wā.
- Arotautanga IrahikoMā te rahinga tika o te irahiko ka ōrite te rere o te katote, ka whakaitihia te rerekētanga o te mahi.
- Whakahaere WeraMā te marara wera whai hua ka ārai i te wera nui, ka pā kino pea ki te pumau o te pākahiko.
E whakaatu ana te tūtohi i raro nei i te mahi a ngā whirihoranga pākahiko rerekē e pā ana ki te pupuri i te kaha me te kaha katoa (ckatoa) puta noa i ngā āhuatanga rerekē:
He aha te Hiranga o te Pūmautanga o te Mahi
Mā te mahi pumau ka taea e ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana e ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou te mahi me te pono puta noa i te roanga o te ora. Hei tauira, me whai pūngao pumau ngā waka hiko hei pupuri i te tawhiti taraiwa, engari ko ngā taputapu hauora e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hiko kore e mutu mō ngā mahi nui. Ko ngā pākahiko kāore i te pumau, ka tere pea te ngaro o te kaha, ka hua ake he whakakapinga maha me te pikinga o ngā utu.
Tohutohu:Me whai whakaaro ngā kaihoko ki ngā pākahiko kua whakamātauhia te pupuri kaha me ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera pakari hei whakarite i te pono mō te wā roa.
Mā te arotahi ki te ōritetanga o te mahi, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te tuku hua e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā tono hou me te whakaiti i ngā pānga ki te taiao me te ōhanga.
Ngā Kaihanga Matua me ō rātou Kaha
Panasonic: Auahatanga me te Pono
Kua whakatūria e Panasonic tōna tūranga hei paionia i roto i te umanga pākahiko ka taea te whakahou mā te auaha tonu me te whakapau kaha ki te pono. He nui te haumi a te kamupene ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga hei waihanga i ngā hangarau pākahiko hou e whakatutuki ana i ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko. Ko āna pākahiko lithium-ion, e mōhiotia ana mō te nui o te kaha me te roa o te ora, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tono hangarau teitei pēnei i ngā waka hiko me ngā hikohiko kaihoko.
- Panasonic'seneloop™He tino pakari ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou, e rima ngā wā ka nui ake ngā huringa whakahou i te maha o ngā waitohu whakataetae.
- E pūrongo tonu ana ngā kaiwhakamahi mō te roa ake o te mahi me te tere ake o te wā whakahou, e whakaatu ana i te rongonui o te waitohu mō tōna pono.
- Ka whakatairangahia e te kamupene te haumaru mā te whakauru i ngā tikanga matatau hei ārai i te wera nui, te poto o te hiko, me ētahi atu hapa pea. Ka whakamatautauria ia pākahiko kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa haumaru pakari, kia mau tonu ai te pakari ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga kino.
Mā te arotahi a Panasonic ki te oranga tonutanga ka nui ake tōna rongonui. Mā te pupuri i te mana i roto i te wā roa me te whakaiti i te para mā te roa o te ora o te pākahiko, ka hono te kamupene ki ngā mahi a te ao ki te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao. Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka waiho a Panasonic hei whiringa matua mā ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i tengā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou kounga teitei.
LG Chem: Hangarau Matatau
Kua whiwhi a LG Chem i tōna tūranga hei kaiārahi i roto i te mākete pākahiko ka taea te whakahou ake nā roto i ngā whanaketanga hangarau matatau me te arotahi nui ki te whai huatanga. He tino rongonui āna pākahiko lithium-ion mō ā rātou mahi i roto i te rāngai waka hiko, he mea nui te roa me te utu tika.
- Kua whiwhi te hua rokiroki pūngao kāinga RESU a te kamupene i te whakanui whānui mō tōna kounga me tōna auahatanga.
- Ka mahi tahi a LG Chem me te 16 o ngā kaihanga motuka 29 o runga rawa o te ao, ka whakapūmau i tōna mana hei kaiwhakarato pākahiko motuka nui rawa atu o te ao.
- He nui te mana e tukuna ana e ōna pākahiko lithium-ion 12V me ngā āheinga utu tere, he mea tino pai mō ngā otinga rokiroki pūngao.
- E 40 ngā whare hanga a LG Chem puta noa i ngā whenua e toru, kia pakari ai ngā kaha hanga.
- He maha ngā tiwhikete haumaru a te kamupene, e whakarei ake ana i tōna mana me te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko.
- He tino pai te mahi a ōna pākahiko, me ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te utu tere me te tuku hiko pono.
Mā te whakakotahi i te hiranga hangarau me te whakapau kaha ki te kounga, kei te whakatakoto tonu a LG Chem i ngā paearu mō te umanga pākahiko ka taea te whakahou.
Samsung SDI: Te maha o ngā whakamahinga me te mahi
He tino pai a Samsung SDI ki te tuku pākahiko maha-whakamahinga, he kaha hoki te mahi. Kua hangaia āna hua hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā momo tono, mai i ngā hikohiko kaihoko ki ngā waka hiko.
- He 900 Wh/L te kaha o ngā pākahiko a Samsung SDI, e āhei ai ngā hoahoa kiato me te kore e whakararu i te mana.
- He roa te ora huringa e neke atu ana i te 1,000 huringa, ā, he 99.8% te whai huatanga o te Coulomb, ka whakarite ēnei pākahiko i te mahi pumau i roto i te wā.
- I roto i te mākete waka hiko, ka taea e ngā pākahiko a Samsung SDI te taraiwa tae atu ki te 800 kiromita i runga i te utunga kotahi, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou pupuri pūngao pai rawa atu.
Ko te arotahi a te kamupene ki te auahatanga e toro atu ana ki āna tukanga hanga, e whakatairanga ana i te pumau me te whai huatanga. Mā te whakarato i ngā otinga pono me te maha o ngā whakamahinga, kua whakaū a Samsung SDI i tōna ingoa hei kaiārahi i roto i te mākete pākahiko ka taea te whakahou.
CATL: Te Oranga Tonutanga me te Whakawhanuitanga
Kua ara ake a CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited) hei kaiārahi o te ao i roto i te hanga pākahiko ka taea te whakahou, nā te whakapau kaha ki te pumau me te tauine. Kei te kaha te kamupene ki te whai i ngā otinga auaha hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao, me te whakatutuki i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao.
- Kua whakatakotohia e CATL ngā whāinga nui kia tutuki ai te kore tukunga hau i te tau 2050. Kei te whakamahere ia kia whakamahia ngā waka pāhihi ki te hiko i te tau 2030 me ngā taraka taumaha i te tau 2035, hei whakaatu i tōna whakapau kaha ki te kawe waka tauwhiro.
- Ko te whanaketanga o ngā pākahiko konutai-ion e whakaatu ana i te kaha o CATL ki te auaha. He tere te utu o ēnei pākahiko, ā, he nui hoki te kaha o te pūngao, e pai ai mō ngā momo tono.
- Ko te whakaurunga mai o te pākahiko M3P he tohu i tētahi atu taumata whakahirahira. Ka whakapai ake tēnei pākahiko i te kiato pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā utu ki te whakataurite ki ngā pākahiko lithium rino phosphate (LFP) tuku iho.
- Kua rite te pākahiko whakapoto a CATL, e whakamanamana ana ki te mātotoru pūngao o te 500 Wh/kg, mō te hanga papatipu i te mutunga o te tau 2023. Mā tēnei whanaketanga ka tū te kamupene hei paionia i roto i te hangarau pākahiko mahi-teitei.
Mā te arotahi a CATL ki te tauine ka taea e āna hua te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā ahumahi mai i ngā waka hiko ki te rokiroki pūngao hou. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā kaupapa oranga tonutanga me ngā hangarau hou, ka whakatakoto tonu a CATL i ngā paearu mō ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou ake i te kounga teitei.
EBL: Ngā Kōwhiringa Whakahoki Anō Kaha-Teitei
He tohunga a EBL ki te hanga pākahiko ka taea te whakahou ake me te kaha teitei e rite ana ki ngā hiahia o te kaihoko. E mōhiotia ana te waitohu mō tōna utu iti me tōna whānuitanga o ngā mahi, ā, he mea rongonui mō ngā mahi o ia rā. Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā hua whakamātautau kaha i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te mahi pānuitanga me te mahi tuturu.
| Momo Pūhiko | Te Kaha Pānuitia | Te Kaha i Inehia | Rerekētanga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pūhiko EBL AA | 2800mAh | 2000-2500mAh | 300-800mAh |
| Ngā Pūhiko Tarakona EBL | 2800mAh | 2500mAh | 300mAh |
| Tau o te Tarakona AAA | 1100mAh | 950-960mAh | 140-150mAh |
Ahakoa ēnei rerekētanga, he kōwhiringa pono tonu ngā pākahiko a EBL mō ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i ngā otinga utu-whai hua. He pai ake te raupapa Year of the Dragon i ngā pūtau EBL noa, e tuku ana i te pupuri kaha pai ake. Ko te ine o ngā pākahiko EBL AA i waenga i te 2000-2500mAh, ko ngā pākahiko Dragon ia e eke ana ki te 2500mAh.
Tohutohu:Me whakaaro ngā kaihoko ki ngā pākahiko EBL mō ngā tono e whai take ana te utu tika me te kaha taurite. Ahakoa kāore pea ngā kaha i inehia e tutuki ana i ngā kereme kua pānuitia, ka tukuna tonu e ngā pākahiko EBL he mahi pono mō te whakamahinga o ia rā.
Tenergy Pro me XTAR: Ngā Kōwhiringa Pono me te Utu Pai
Kua whakatūria e Tenergy Pro me XTAR hei waitohu pono i roto i te mākete pākahiko whakahou. He taurite te utu me te pono o ā rāua hua, he mea tino pai mō ngā kaihoko e aro nui ana ki te tahua.
Ka taea e ngā pākahiko Tenergy te whakahou, pērā i te tauira AA 2600mAh, te penapena nui i muri i ētahi whakahounga noa iho. Ka whakahokia mai e ngā kaiwhakamahi tā rātou haumitanga i muri i ngā huringa e toru, ā, ka puta ake he penapena anō mā te whakahounga anō. Nā te whai huatanga o te utu ka waiho ngā pākahiko Tenergy hei huarahi whai hua hei whakakapi i ngā kōwhiringa kawakore paerewa.
E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau pono i te pakari o ngā pākahiko Tenergy. E whakaatu ana ngā aromatawai a Wirecutter kei te pupuri tonu ngā pākahiko NiMH AA 800mAh a Tenergy i te kaha e pānuitia ana ahakoa kua 50 ngā huringa utu. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau a Trailcam Pro kei te pupuri ngā pākahiko Tenergy Premium AA i te 86% o tō rātou kaha i ngā pāmahana iti, e whakarite ana i te mahi pumau i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua.
Ka puta hoki ngā hua pono mai i ngā pākahiko XTAR. E mōhiotia ana mō te pakari o te hanganga me te roa o te huringa ora, ka tutuki i ngā hua XTAR ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i ngā pākahiko utu iti engari he pai te mahi.
Mā te whakakotahi i te utu whaitake me te pono kua whakamātauhia, ka tukuna e Tenergy Pro me XTAR ngā otinga e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā tono kanorau, mai i ngā taputapu o te whare ki ngā taputapu o waho.
Ngā Momo Pūhiko Whakahoki Anō me Ngā Whakamahinga Pai Rawa
Ngā Pūhiko Lithium-Ion: Teitei o te Pūngao me te Whānuitanga o te Mahi
Ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion te mea nui rawa atu i te mākete pākahiko ka taea te whakahou ake nā te mea he tino pai te kaha me te whai huatanga o te kaha. Ka taea e ēnei pākahiko te penapena i waenga i te 150-250 Wh/kg, he pai ake i ngā momo pākahiko kē atu pērā i te lithium polymer (130-200 Wh/kg) me te lithium iron phosphate (90-120 Wh/kg). Nā te nui o te kaha, he pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki ngā hoahoa kiato, pērā i ngā waea atamai, ngā pona, me ngā waka hiko.
- Te Whai HuaKo te pai o te tuku-utu o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion he 90-95%, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao i te wā e whakamahia ana.
- Te pakariKa tautokohia e rātou te roa o te huringa ora, ka taea te whakamahi pinepine me te kore e tino heke te kaha.
- Te tiakiHe iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana mō ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, he rerekē ki ngā hangarau tawhito, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he tukunga i ia wā hei ārai i te pānga mahara.
Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion puta noa i ngā ahumahi. I roto i ngā hikohiko kaihoko, ka taea e rātou te whakamahi i ngā hoahoa mama me te kaha roa. I roto i te rāngai motuka, ka whakaratohia e rātou he whānuitanga taraiwa roa me ngā āheinga utu tere, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā waka hiko.
TohutohuKo ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i ngā pākahiko pono, mahi nui hoki mō ngā taputapu e whakamahia pinepine ana me whiriwhiri i ngā kōwhiringa lithium-ion hei kaupapa matua.
Ngā Pūhiko Nikara-Metara Wairiha: He Utu Whai Hua, he Pakari hoki
He pai te taurite o te utu me te pakari o ngā pākahiko Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH), ā, he mea rongonui ēnei mō ngā mahi ā-whare me ngā mahi ahumahi. E 300-800 ngā huringa utu-tuku e taea ai te pupuri i te kaha i roto i te wā roa, ā, ka penapena moni mō te wā roa.
- Ngā Painga ŌhangaAhakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga i ngā pūtau maroke ka taea te whakamahi, ka iti ake te utu i muri i ētahi huringa whakahou.
- Te Utu o te Huringa OraKo te utu mō te huringa ora o ngā pākahiko NiMH hou he $0.28/Wh, he 40% te iti iho i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion.
- Te Oranga TonuKa taea te whakahou ake i te āhua o te pūngao, ā, ka whakaiti i te para, e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga taiao.
He pai ngā pākahiko NiMH mō ngā taputapu e hiahia ana ki te putanga hiko taurite, pērā i ngā kāmera, ngā taonga takaro, me ngā rama kawe. Nā te pakari o te ora ka pono ai mō ngā āhuatanga e whakamahia nuitia ana, tae atu ki ngā taputapu hauora me ngā pūnaha ohorere.
TuhipokaMe whakaaro ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i ngā otinga utu-whai hua me ngā hiahia pūngao taurite ki ngā pākahiko NiMH.
Pūhiko Waikawa-Mata: Ngā Whakamahinga Taumaha
He tino pai ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata mō ngā mahi taumaha nā te mea he pakari, he kaha hoki ki te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga āhua-whakautu-wāhanga tere teitei. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau i ngā whanaketanga o te whakaae utu me te huringa ora mā roto i ngā tāpiri waro me ngā whatunga muka nano kawe.
| Taitara Akoranga | Ngā Kitenga Matua |
|---|---|
| Te Pānga o ngā Tāpiri Waro ki te Whakaaetanga Utu | Kua pai ake te whakaae utu me te huringa ora i raro i ngā āhuatanga āhua utu-ā-wāhanga. |
| Ngā muka nano waro kua whakakorikoria | Te wātea me te manawanui o te mana nui mō ngā tono tere teitei. |
| Ngā Inenga Hau me te Ngaronga Wai | He tirohanga ki te mahi a te pākahiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūroa. |
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei pākahiko i roto i ngā rāngai motuka, ahumahi, me te pūngao hou. Nā te pono o ēnei pākahiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua, he mea nui hei whakakaha i ngā taputapu nui me ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao.
WhakatūpatoHe pai rawa ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia roa te ora me te putanga mana nui, pērā i ngā pūnaha tārua me ngā mīhini taumaha.
Pūhiko NiMH: He Roa te Pumau, he Iti hoki te Tukunga-ā-Iho
Ko ngā pākahiko Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) e tū motuhake ana mō tō rātou kaha ki te pupuri i te utu mō ngā wā roa. Kua hangaia ngā pūtau NiMH hou e whakaiti ana i te tukunga-ake (LSD) hei whakatika i te raruraru noa o te ngaronga tere o te hiko, kia noho rite tonu ai ngā pākahiko mō te whakamahi ahakoa ngā marama e rongoatia ana. Nā tēnei āhuatanga he pai mō ngā taputapu e hiahia ana ki te hiko pono me te kore e hiahiatia he utunga auau, pērā i ngā mana mamao, ngā rama, me ngā papapātuhi ahokore.
Ngā Painga Matua o ngā Pūhiko NiMH
- Tukunga-ā-Iho ItiKa mau tonu te utu o ngā pākahiko LSD NiMH ki te 85% i muri i te kotahi tau o te rokiroki, he pai ake tēnei i ngā tauira NiMH tawhito.
- Mahi Roa-TuturuKa taea e ēnei pākahiko te tu atu ki te 300 ki te 500 huringa utu, ka tukuna he pūngao pumau puta noa i te roanga o te wā.
- Hoahoa Ā-TaiaoMā ngā pākahiko NiMH ka taea te whakahou ka whakaiti i te para mā te whakakapi i ngā pākahiko kawakore ka taea te whakamahi, kia rite ai ki ngā whāinga oranga tonutanga.
Heoi, mā te utu tonu i ngā pūhiko nikara ka tere ake te pirau. Me karo ngā kaiwhakamahi i te waiho i ngā pūhiko NiMH ki runga i ngā rihi mō ngā wā roa kia mau tonu ai te roa o te ora. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā waitohu pēnei i a Eneloop me Ladda ngā mahi rerekē i raro i ēnei āhuatanga, ā, ko ētahi tauira e whakaatu ana i te manawanui pai ake i ētahi atu.
TohutohuHei whakanui ake i te roa o te ora o ngā pākahiko NiMH, tangohia mai i ngā rihi ina oti te utu katoa, ka rongoa ki te wāhi hauhautanga, maroke.
Ngā Taupānga me te Whānuitanga
He tino pai ngā pākahiko NiMH mō ngā mahi e hiahia ana ki te putanga pūngao taurite me te pono mō te wā roa. Nā te iti o te tere tukunga-ake e pai ai mō ngā taputapu ohorere, pērā i ngā taputapu kite paoa me ngā pūnaha rama tārua. Hei tāpiri, ko tō rātou kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā taputapu mimiti-ake, tae atu ki ngā kāmera mamati me ngā kaiwhakahaere petipeti, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou whānui.
Mā te whakakotahi i te pakari me te hangarau tuku-ake iti, ka tukuna e ngā pākahiko NiMH he otinga pono mō ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i ngā kōwhiringa whakahou roa. Nā te hoahoa taiao me te mahi pumau, he mea nui ēnei mō ngā mahi o ia rā me ngā mahi motuhake.
Ngā Whakaaroaro a te Kaihoko
Te Whakataurite i te Momo Pūhiko ki te Pūrere
Te whiriwhiri i te tikapākahiko ka taea te whakahou mō tētahi taputapue whakarite ana i te mahi tino pai me te roa o te ora. He āhuatanga ahurei kei ia momo pākahiko e tika ana mō ngā tono motuhake. Hei tauira, he pai ngā pākahiko lithium-ion mō ngā taputapu kaha nui pēnei i ngā waea atamai, pona, me ngā waka hiko nā te mea he pai ake te kaha me te whai huatanga o te kaha. I tetahi atu taha, he pai te mahi a ngā pākahiko nikara-metal haidīri (NiMH) i roto i ngā taputapu o te whare pēnei i ngā kāmera me ngā taonga takaro, e tuku ana i te roa me te putanga kaha taurite.
Ko ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana he mana nui, pērā i ngā taputapu hauora, i ngā taputapu ahumahi rānei, ka whai hua mai i ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna pakari me tōna pono. Mō ngā taputapu iti te mimiti pērā i ngā mana mamao, i ngā rama rānei, ka whakaratohia e ngā pākahiko NiMH he iti te tere tuku-ake-ake he mahi pumau mō ngā wā roa. Mā te whakataurite i te momo pākahiko ki te taputapu, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te mahi anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te hiahia mō ngā whakakapinga auau, ka penapena i te wā me te moni.
TohutohuTirohia ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga kia pai ai te hototahitanga o te pākahiko me te taputapu.
Ngā Take Tahua me ngā Utu
He mea nui te whakaaro ki te utu i roto i te whiriwhiri i ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou. Ahakoa te ahua teitei ake o ngā utu tīmatanga i ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakakore, he nui ngā penapena mō te wā roa e tukuna ana e ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakahou i tētahi pākahiko lithium-ion me te utu tīmatanga o te $50 tae atu ki te 1,000 ngā wā, ka tino whakaiti i te utu mō ia whakamahinga.
| Momo Utu | Ngā Taipitopito |
|---|---|
| Ngā Utu Tīmatanga | Ngā kōwae pākahiko, ngā kaitahuri, ngā kaiwhakahaere utu, te tāutanga, ngā whakaaetanga. |
| Ngā Penapena Wā Roa | Kua whakaitihia ngā pire hiko, kua karohia ngā utu mai i te motuhanga o te hiko, ā, ka taea te whiwhi moni. |
| Ngā Utu o te Huringa Ora | Te tiaki, ngā utu whakakapinga, ngā pūtāhui, me te tautoko. |
| Tauira Tātaitanga | Te utu tīmatanga: $50,000; Ngā penapena ā-tau: $5,000; Te wā whakahoki moni: 10 tau. |
Me whai whakaaro hoki ngā kaihoko ki ngā utu mō te huringa ora o te pākahiko, tae atu ki ngā utu tiaki me te whakakapinga. He maha ngā wā ka pai ake te uara o ngā pākahiko he roa ake te ora me te whakamana i te roanga o te wā. Ka nui ake ngā painga o ngā kaihoko ki ngā utu whakataetae i te mākete, nā te mea ka auaha ngā kaihanga ki te tuku otinga utu-whai hua.
Pānga ki te Taiao me te Oranga Tonu
Ka whai wāhi ngā pākahiko whakahou ki te oranga tonutanga mā te whakaiti i te para me te tiaki rauemi. Hei tauira, he iti ake te pānga ki te taiao o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion ki te whakataurite ki ngā kōwhiringa whakakorekore. Ka arotakehia e ngā aromatawai huringa ora (LCA) ōna pānga ki te huringa āhuarangi, te paitini tangata, me te paunga o ngā rauemi, ā, ka āwhina i ngā kaihoko ki te whakatau whai whakaaro.
| Kāwai Pānga | ASSB-LSB | LIB-NMC811 | ASSB-NMC811 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Huringa Āhuarangi | I raro | Teitei ake | Teitei ake |
| Te Paitini Tangata | I raro | I raro | I raro |
| Te Whakaitinga o ngā Rauemi Kohuke | I raro | I raro | I raro |
| Te Hanganga Waikawa Whakaahua-matū | I raro | I raro | I raro |
Hei tāpiritanga, ko ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko, pērā i ngā pākahiko konutai-ion me te konumohe-ion, ka whakarei ake i te pumau mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi maha me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā huānga whenua onge. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā kōwhiringa hoa-taiao, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakaiti i ō rātou tapuwae taiao me te whiwhi hoki i ngā otinga pūngao pono.
TuhipokaHe mea nui te whakakorenga tika me te hangarua i ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou hei ārai i te kino ki te taiao, me te whakaora anō i ngā rauemi whai hua.
Rongonui Waitohu me te Pūtāhui
He mea nui te ingoa o te waitohu i roto i te mākete pākahiko ka taea te whakahou. He maha ngā wā ka honoa e ngā kaihoko ngā waitohu rongonui ki te pono, te mahi, me te makona o te kiritaki. Ko ngā kaihanga whai ingoa kaha ka tuku tonu i ngā hua e tutuki ana, e hipa ana rānei i ngā paerewa ahumahi. Ko tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te kounga ka whakatipu i te whakawhirinaki me te pono i waenga i ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Ka whakakaha ake te mana o te waitohu i te wārangi. E whakaata ana te wārangi whānui i te whakapono o te kaihanga ki te roa me te mahi a ana pākahiko. Ko te roa o te wārangi e tohu ana i te whakapau kaha ki te roa o te hua, ā, ko te ratonga kiritaki aro nui e whakarite ana i te tukanga kereme maeneene. Ka whai wāhi ēnei āhuatanga ki tētahi wheako pai a te kaihoko, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki te hoko pākahiko ka taea te whakahou.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o te Rongonui Waitohu me te Pūtāhui
| Āhuatanga Matua | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Huringa Ora | Me tu tonu ngā pākahiko i ngā huringa utu-tuku maha, me te kore e nui te hekenga o te mahi. |
| Ngā Āhuatanga Haumaru | Rapua ngā pākahiko he ārai kei roto i a rātou kei uta rawa, kei wera rawa, kei poto hoki ngā ara iahiko. |
| Te Manawanui ki te Pāmahana | Me mahi pai ngā pākahiko puta noa i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana. |
| Ngā Āheinga Utu Tere | Kōwhiria ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakakī tere hei whakaiti i te wā e kore ai e whakamahia. |
| Te Roanga o te Pūtāhui | Ko te roa o te pūtāhui e tohu ana i te whakapono o te kaihanga ki te roa o te ora o te hua. |
| Kapinga Whānui | Me hipoki e ngā pūtāhui te whānuitanga o ngā take, mai i ngā hapa ki ngā ngoikoretanga mahi. |
| Ngāwari o ngā Kereme | Me māmā noa iho, me ngāwari hoki te tukanga kereme pūtāhui, ā, me ngāwari hoki ki te whakamahi. |
| Ratonga Kaihoko | Ko ngā pūtāhui pai e tautokona ana e te tautoko kiritaki aro nui. |
Ko ngā waitohu pēnei i a Panasonic me LG Chem e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te ingoa pai me te pūtāhui. Mā ngā tikanga whakamātautau pakari a Panasonic ka whakarite i te pono, ko ngā hononga a LG Chem me ngā kaihanga motuka matua e whakaatu ana i tōna mana nui i roto i te umanga. E tuku ana ngā kamupene e rua i ngā pūtāhui e kapi ana i ngā hapa me ngā take mahi, e whakarato ana i te rangimarie o te hinengaro ki ngā kaihoko.
TohutohuMe whakatairanga e ngā kaihoko ngā waitohu whai ingoa rongonui me ngā pūtāhui e tuku ana i te kapinga whānui. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka tiakina ngā haumitanga, ā, ka whakarite hoki i te makona mō te wā roa.
Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā kaihanga rongonui me ngā pūtāhui pakari, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whai hua ki te mahi pono me te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki. Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea, ka whakarei ake hoki i te uara whānui o ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou.
Ka tupu te umanga pākahiko ka taea te whakahou i runga i te auahatanga, me ngā kaihanga matua e whakatakoto ana i ngā paearu mō te mahi, te haumaru, me te pumau. Kua whakaatu ngā kamupene pēnei i a Panasonic, LG Chem, Samsung SDI, CATL, me EBL i ō rātou tohungatanga mā roto i ngā hangarau matatau me ngā hua pono. Hei tauira, he tino pai a Panasonic i roto i te pakari, ko CATL ia e aro ana ki te pumau me te tauine. Nā ēnei kaha kua whakaū i ō rātou tūranga hei kaiārahi mākete.
| Ngā Kaitākaro Matua | Te Wāhanga Mākete | Ngā Whanaketanga Hou |
|---|---|---|
| Panasonic | 25% | Te whakarewatanga o te hua hou i te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2023 |
| LG Chem | 20% | Te Hokonga o te Kamupene X |
| Samsung SDI | 15% | Te whānui atu ki ngā mākete Pākehā |
He mea nui te mārama ki ngā momo pākahiko me ngā paearu kounga hei whiriwhiri i ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou i te kounga teitei. Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te matotoru o te pūngao, te roa o te ora, me ngā āhuatanga haumaru ka whakarite kia tino pai te mahi puta noa i ngā tono maha. Me arotake e ngā kaihoko ā rātou hiahia motuhake, pēnei i te hototahi o te taputapu me te pānga ki te taiao, i mua i te hoko.
Mā te whai whakaaro ki ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakatau whai whakaaro e hangai ana ki ā rātou hiahia, ā, ka whai wāhi atu hoki ki tētahi heke mai pumau.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te momo pākahiko ka taea te whakahou ake e pai ana mō ngā taputapu o ia rā?
He pai ngā pākahiko lithium-ion mō ngā taputapu o ia rā pērā i ngā waea atamai me ngā pona nā te mea he nui te kaha o te hiko me te roa o te ora. Mō ngā taonga o te whare pērā i ngā mana mamao, ngā rama rānei, ka whakaratohia e ngā pākahiko NiMH he iti te tere tuku-ake e whakarato ana i te mahi pono me te whai hua o te utu.
Me pēhea taku whakaroa i te roa o te ora o aku pākahiko ka taea te whakahou?
Penapenahia ngā pākahiko ki te wāhi hauhautanga, maroke hoki, ā, kaua e tukua kia tino wera rawa. Tangohia ngā pākahiko mai i ngā rihi ina kua tino utaina kia kore ai e nui rawa te uta. Whāia ngā aratohu a te kaihanga mō te whakamahinga tika me te tiaki kia roa ai te ora.
He pai ki te taiao ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou?
Ka whakaitihia te para e ngā pākahiko whakahou mā te whakakapi i ngā kōwhiringa whakakorekore, ka pai ake te taiao. He iti ake ngā pānga taiao o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion me NiMH ki ngā pākahiko kē atu. Mā te hangarua tika ka whakahokia mai ngā rauemi whai hua, ka whakaitihia ake te tapuwae taiao.
Me pēhea taku whiriwhiri i te pākahiko ka taea te whakahou ake mō taku pūrere?
Whakatauritea te momo pākahiko ki ngā hiahia hiko o tō pūrere. He pai ngā pākahiko lithium-ion mō ngā pūrere hiko nui, engari he pai te mahi a ngā pākahiko NiMH mō ngā tono hiko ngawari. Tirohia tonu ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga mō te hototahitanga kia pai ai te mahi.
He aha ngā āhuatanga haumaru me tirotiro e au i roto i ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou?
Rapua ngā pākahiko me ngā parenga ā-roto mai i te utu nui rawa, te wera rawa, me te poto-awhiowhio. Ko ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te IEC 62133 e tohu ana i te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka noho haumaru, ka pono hoki te mahi puta noa i ngā tono maha.
Wā tuku: Mei-28-2025
