I te putanga mai o ngā pākahiko kawakore i waenganui o te rautau 20, he nui te pānga o ngā pākahiko kawakore ki te hiko kawe. Nā tā rātou mahi auaha, i whakawhiwhia ki a Lewis Urry i ngā tau 1950, i whakaurua mai he hanganga konutea-konupora hauhā i roa ake ai te ora me te pono ake i ngā momo pākahiko o mua. I te tekau tau 1960, kua noho ēnei pākahiko hei taonga matua mō te whare, e whakakaha ana i ngā mea katoa mai i ngā rama ki ngā reo irirangi. I ēnei rā, neke atu i te 10 piriona waeine e hangaia ana i ia tau, e whakatutuki ana i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō ngā otinga hiko whai hua. Mā ngā pokapū hanga matatau o te ao ka whakarite kia rite te kounga, me ngā rauemi pēnei i te konutea me te konupora hauhā e whai wāhi nui ana ki tā rātou mahi.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Nā Lewis Urry i hanga ngā pākahiko kawakore i te tekau tau atu i 1950, ā, i tino hurihia te mana kawe e te roa o te ora me te pono o aua pākahiko ina whakaritea ki ngā momo pākahiko o mua.
• Ko te hanga pākahiko kawakore o te ao e aro nui ana ki ngā whenua pēnei i te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani, me Haina, kia pai ai te kounga o te whakaputa hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko.
• He mea nui ngā rauemi matua pēnei i te konutea, te konupora hauhā, me te pāhare pākawa waro mō te mahi a ngā pākahiko kawakore, ā, mā ngā whanaketanga o te pūtaiao rauemi ka whakarei ake i tō rātou whai huatanga.
• Ka whakamahia e ngā tukanga hanga hou te aunoatanga hei whakapai ake i te tika me te tere, ka hua ake he roa ake te ora me te mahi pai ake i ō mua.
• Kāore e taea te whakahou i ngā pākahiko kawakore, ā, he pai rawa atu mō ngā taputapu he iti te mimiti o te hiko, he mea whai hua hoki mō ngā taonga o ia rā.
• Kei te noho hei kaupapa matua te oranga tonutanga i roto i te umanga pākahiko kawakore, ā, kua whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā tikanga me ngā rauemi e pai ana ki te taiao hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko.
• Mā te penapena me te whakakorenga tika i ngā pākahiko kawakore ka roa ake te ora o ā rātou pākahiko me te whakaiti i ngā pānga ki te taiao, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te whakamahinga tika.

Ngā Pūtake Hītori o ngā Pūhiko Kawakore

Te Hanganga o ngā Pūhiko Kawakore

I tīmata te kōrero mō ngā pākahiko kawakore i tētahi mahi auaha hou i te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1950.Lewis Urry, he miihini matū nō Kānata, i whakawhanake i te pākahiko konutea-manganese hauhā tuatahi. Nā tana mahi auaha i aro atu ki te hiahia nui mō ngā pūtake hiko roa ake te mau, me te pono ake. Kāore i rite ki ngā pākahiko o mua, he maha ngā wā ka pakaru i te whakamahinga tonu, i tukuna e te hoahoa a Urry te mahi tino pai. Nā tēnei whanaketanga i akiaki te hurihanga i roto i ngā taputapu kawe a te kaihoko, i taea ai te whakawhanake i ngā hua pēnei i ngā rama, ngā reo irirangi, me ngā taonga takaro.

In 1959, i puta tuatahi mai ngā pākahiko kawakore ki te mākete. Ko tō rātou whakaurunga he tohu i tētahi huringa nui i roto i te umanga pūngao. I tere te kite a ngā kaihoko i tōna whai huatanga me tōna whai huatanga. Kāore i te roa ake te ora o ēnei pākahiko engari i whakarato hoki i te putanga hiko pumau. Nā tēnei pono i tino pai ai rātou i waenga i ngā whare me ngā pakihi.

"Ko te pākahiko kawakore tētahi o ngā whanaketanga tino nui o te hiko kawe," te kī a Urry i a ia e ora ana. Nāna i whakatakoto te turanga mō te hangarau pākahiko hou, ā, i awe i ngā tini auahatanga i roto i ngā hikohiko kaihoko.

Te Hanga me te Whakamahinga o Mua

I arotahi te hanga tuatahi o ngā pākahiko kawakore ki te whakatutuki i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō ngā otinga hiko kawe. I whakatairangahia e ngā kaihanga te whakanui ake i te hanga kia whānuitia ai te wātea. I te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1960, kua noho ēnei pākahiko hei taonga matua mō te whare. Nā te kaha ki te whakakaha i te whānuitanga o ngā taputapu, he mea nui ēnei pākahiko i roto i te oranga o ia rā.

I tēnei wā, he nui te haumi a ngā kamupene ki te whakapai ake i te tukanga hanga. Ko tā rātou whāinga he whakarei ake i te mahi me te pakari o ngā pākahiko kawakore. Nā tēnei whakapau kaha ki te kounga i whai wāhi nui ai ki te tere o te whakamahi. I te mutunga o te tekau tau, kua whakatūria ngā pākahiko kawakore hei whiringa pai mō ngā kaihoko puta noa i te ao.

I whai pānga anō hoki te angitu o ngā pākahiko kawakore ki te whanaketanga o ngā hikohiko kaihoko. Ko ngā taputapu i whakawhirinaki ki te hiko kawe i matatau ake, ā, i ngāwari ake te uru atu. Nā tēnei hononga tahi i waenga i ngā pākahiko me ngā hikohiko i ārahi te auahatanga i roto i ngā ahumahi e rua. I ēnei rā, ko ngā pākahiko kawakore tonu te tūāpapa o ngā otinga hiko kawe, nā te nui o ō rātou hītori me te pono kua whakamātauhia.

Kei hea ngā pākahiko kawakore e hangaia ana i ēnei rā?

Ngā Whenua Hanga Nui

Ko ngā pākahiko kawakore e hangaia ana i ēnei rā i ahu mai i ngā momo pokapū hangahanga o te ao. Ko te Hononga o Amerika te kaiārahi o te hanga me ngā kamupene pēnei i a Energizer me Duracell e whakahaere ana i ngā whare matatau. Ka whakarite ēnei kaihanga i te putanga kounga teitei hei whakatutuki i te hiahia o te whare me te ao. He mahi nui anō tā Hapani, me te whai wāhi a Panasonic ki te tuku o te ao mā roto i ōna wheketere hou. Kōrea ki te Tonga meKua puta ake a Haina hei kaitākaro matua, me te whakamahi i ō rātou pūkenga ahumahi hei whakaputa hua nui me te whai hua.

I Ūropi, kua noho ngā whenua pēnei i a Pōrana me te Czech Republic hei pokapū hanga rongonui. Mā ō rātou wāhi rautaki ka ngāwari te tohatoha puta noa i te whenua. Kei te uru atu hoki ngā whenua whakawhanake pēnei i a Brazil me Argentina ki te mākete, me te arotahi ki te tono ā-rohe. Mā tēnei whatunga ā-ao ka noho tonu te urunga atu o ngā pākahiko kawakore ki ngā kaihoko o te ao katoa.

"Ko te hanga pākahiko kawakore o te ao e whakaata ana i te āhua honohono o te hanga hou," te kī pinepine a ngā tohunga ahumahi. Mā tēnei kanorau o ngā wāhi hanga ka whakakaha ake i te mekameka tuku me te tautoko i te wātea tonu.

Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki ngā Wāhi Whakaputa

He maha ngā āhuatanga e whakatau ana i te wāhi e hangaia ai ngā pākahiko kawakore. He mahi nui tā ngā hanganga ahumahi. Ko ngā whenua whai pūkenga hanga matatau, pērā i te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani, me Kōrea ki te Tonga, te hunga e kaha ana ki te mākete. He nui te haumi a ēnei whenua ki te hangarau me te aunoatanga, kia pai ai ngā tukanga whakaputa.

Ka pāngia hoki ngā wāhi whakaputa e ngā utu mahi.Hei tauira, ka whai hua a Hainamai i te whakakotahitanga o ngā kaimahi mohio me ngā mahi whai hua. Mā tēnei painga ka taea e ngā kaihanga Hainamana te whakataetae i runga i te kounga me te utu. Ko te tata ki ngā rauemi mata tētahi atu mea nui. He māmā ake te uru atu ki te konutea me te konupora hauhā, ngā wāhanga nui o ngā pākahiko kawakore, i ētahi rohe, ka whakaiti i ngā utu kawe.

Ko ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga me ngā whakaaetanga hokohoko ka whai pānga nui ki ngā whakataunga whakaputa. Ko ngā whenua e tuku ana i ngā whakatenatena taake, i ngā tautoko rānei, ka kukume i ngā kaihanga e hiahia ana ki te arotau i ngā utu. Hei tāpiri, ka pāngia ngā wāhi e whakatūria ai ngā wheketere e ngā ture taiao. Ko ngā whenua he kaupapa here pakari te nuinga o te wā e hiahia ana ki ngā hangarau matatau hei whakaiti i ngā para me ngā tukunga.

Mā tēnei huinga o ngā āhuatanga ka taea e ngā pākahiko kawakore e hangaia ana i ngā wāhi rerekē o te ao te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rerekē o ngā kaihoko. Ko te tohatoha o ngā whare whakaputa puta noa i te ao e whakaatu ana i te ngāwari o te ahumahi ki te urutau me te whakapau kaha ki te auahatanga.

Ngā Rauemi me ngā Tukanga i roto i te Hanga Pūhiko Kawakore

Ngā Rauemi Matua i Whakamahia

Ka whakawhirinaki ngā pākahiko kawakore ki tētahi huinga rauemi kua whiriwhiria kia tutuki ai ā rātou mahi pono. Kei roto i ngā wāhanga matua kokonutea, hauhā konupora, mepāhare pākawaKo te konutea te anode, ko te konupūmā hauhā te cathode. Ko te pāhare pākawa waro te electrolyte, e whakahaere ana i te rere o ngā katote i waenga i te anode me te cathode i te wā e whakamahia ana. Kua whiriwhiria ēnei rauemi nā te mea ka taea e rātou te penapena pūngao kia nui, me te pupuri i te pumau i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.

He maha ngā wā ka whakarei ake ngā kaihanga i te ranunga katote mā te whakauru i te waro. Mā tēnei tāpiri ka whakapai ake i te kawe hiko, ka whakanui ake hoki i te pai o te pākahiko. Mā te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi parakore teitei ka iti ake te mōrearea turuturu, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te pākahiko. Ko ngā pākahiko kawakore matatau i hangaia i ēnei rā kei roto hoki ngā hanganga rauemi kua arotauhia, e āhei ai rātou ki te penapena i te kaha ake me te roa ake i ngā putanga o mua.

He mea nui te pūtake o ēnei rauemi i roto i te mahi whakaputa. He whānuitia te wātea o te konutea me te konupora hauhā, ā, he pai te utu mō te hanga nui. Heoi, he pānga tika te kounga o ēnei rauemi mata ki te mahi a te pākahiko. Ko ngā kaihanga matua e whakatairanga ana i te pūtake mai i ngā kaiwhakarato pono kia mau tonu ai te kounga.

Te Tukanga Hanga

Ko te hanga pākahiko kawakore he raupapa o ngā mahi tino tika kua hangaia hei whakarite i te whai huatanga me te pono. Ka tīmata te tukanga ki te whakarite i ngā rauemi anode me te cathode. Ka tukatukahia te paura konutea hei hanga i te anode, ko te hauhā manganese ka konatunatua ki te waro hei hanga i te cathode. Kātahi ka hangaia ēnei rauemi ki ngā whirihoranga motuhake kia uru ki te hoahoa o te pākahiko.

Muri iho, ka whakaritea te otinga electrolyte, he mea tito mai i te pāhare pākawa waro. Ka inehia tēnei otinga me te āta tāpiri atu ki te pākahiko kia taea ai te rere o te katote. Ka whai ake ko te wāhanga huihuinga, ko te wā e whakakotahihia ai te anode, te cathode, me te electrolyte ki roto i tētahi anga hiri. Ko te tikanga he mea hanga tēnei anga ki te maitai, hei whakarato i te pakari me te tiaki i ngā āhuatanga o waho.

He mea nui te mahi aunoa i roto i te hanga pākahiko o ēnei rā. Mā ngā raina whakaputa aunoa katoa, pērā i ngā mea e whakamahia ana e Johnson New Eletek Battery Co., Ltd., ka whakarite kia tika, kia ōrite hoki. Ka whakahaerehia e ēnei raina ngā mahi pēnei i te whakaranu rauemi, te huihuinga, me te whakahaere kounga. Ka whakaitihia e ngā mīhini matatau ngā hapa tangata, ā, ka tere ake te whakaputa.

Ko te whakahaere kounga te taahiraa whakamutunga, me te taahiraa tino nui. Ka whakamatautauria ia pākahiko kia tino mohio ai ki tana mahi me te haumaru. Ka whakamatautauria e ngā kaihanga ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te putanga pūngao, te ātete turuturu, me te pakari. Ko ngā pākahiko anake e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa tino pakari ka haere ki te tākai me te tohatoha.

Nā te whakapai tonu i ngā tikanga hanga kua hua ake he whanaketanga nui i roto i te hangarau pākahiko kawakore. Kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kairangahau ngā tikanga hei whakanui ake i te kiato pūngao me te whakaroa i te roa o te huringa, kia mau tonu ai te whiringa pono o ngā pākahiko kawakore mō ngā kaihoko puta noa i te ao.

Te Whanaketanga o te Hanga Pūhiko Kawakore

Ngā Whakatairanga Hangarau

Kua tino rerekē te hanga o ngā pākahiko kawakore i roto i ngā tau. Kua kite ahau i te whanaketanga o te hangarau e pana tonu ana i ngā rohe o ngā mea ka taea e ēnei pākahiko te whakatutuki. I arotahi ngā hoahoa o mua ki ngā mahi taketake, engari kua hurihia e ngā auahatanga hou te mahi me te whai huatanga.

Ko tētahi o ngā putanga nui ko te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi katote whakarei ake. Inaianei ka whakauruhia e ngā kaihanga he nui ake o te waro ki roto i te ranunga katote. Ka whakanui ake tēnei whakarerekētanga i te kawe hiko, ka hua ake he roa ake te ora o ngā pākahiko me te pai ake o te whai huatanga o te mana. Ehara i te mea ka tutuki noa i ēnei whanaketanga ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko engari ka akiaki hoki i te tipu o te mākete.

Ko tētahi atu whanaketanga matua ko te arotau i te kiato o te pūngao. He nui ake te pūngao e rongoahia ana e ngā pākahiko kawakore hou i roto i ngā rahi iti ake, he mea pai mō ngā taputapu kiato. Kua whakapai ake hoki ngā kairangahau i te roa o te oranga o ēnei pākahiko. I ēnei rā, ka taea e rātou te roa ki te tekau tau me te kore e tino heke te mahi, e whakarite ana i te pono mō te rokiroki mō te wā roa.

He mea nui te mahi aunoa i roto i te whakatikatika i te tukanga hanga. Mā ngā raina hanga aunoa katoa, pērā i ērā i Johnson New Eletek Battery Co., Ltd., ka whakarite kia tika, kia ōrite hoki. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei pūnaha ngā hapa, ka whakapai ake hoki i te tere o te hanga, ka taea ai e ngā kaihanga te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te ao.

"Ko te putanga mai o te hangarau pākahiko kawakore o te whakatupuranga hou he nui te pūmanawa me ngā whai wāhitanga mō te umanga pākahiko," e ai ki ngā rangahau tata nei. Ehara i te mea ka huri noa ēnei whanaketanga i te āhua o tā tātou whakamahi pākahiko engari ka tautoko hoki i te ahunga whakamua o te pūngao whakahou me te hiko.

Ngā Auahatanga o te Ao i roto i te Ahumahi

Kei te whanake tonu te umanga pākahiko kawakore i runga i ngā au o te ao. Kua kite ahau i te whakanui ake i te pumau me te kawenga taiao. Kei te whakamahi ngā kaihanga i ngā tikanga atawhai taiao, pērā i te whakaiti i ngā para i te wā e hanga ana, me te kimi rauemi me te kawenga. E hangai ana ēnei mahi ki te pikinga ake o te hiahia o ngā kaihoko ki ngā hua pumau.

Kua pāngia hoki ngā au o te ahumahi e te hiahia mō ngā pākahiko mahi-teitei. E tumanako ana ngā kaihoko he roa ake te ora o ngā pākahiko, ā, he rite tonu te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Nā tēnei tumanako kua akiaki ngā kaihanga ki te haumi ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga. Mā ngā auahatanga i roto i te pūtaiao rauemi me ngā tikanga whakaputa ka noho whakataetae tonu ngā pākahiko kawakore i te mākete.

Kua nui ake te hanga a te ao whānui i te umanga. Ko ngā pokapū hanga i ngā whenua pēnei i te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani, me Haina te hunga e kaha ana ki te whakaputa. Ka whakamahia e ēnei rohe te hangarau matatau me ngā kaimahi mohio hei hanga pākahiko kounga teitei. I taua wā anō, kei te piki haere te mana o ngā mākete hou o Amerika ki te Tonga me Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, e aro ana ki te tono ā-rohe me te utu tika.

Ko te whakaurunga o ngā pākahiko kawakore ki roto i ngā pūnaha pūngao whakahou he tohu i tētahi atu ia au nui. Nā te pono me te matotoru o te pūngao, he pai mō te hiko tārua me ngā tono kore-pūnaha. I te tipu haere o te whakamahinga o te pūngao whakahou, he mea nui te mahi a ngā pākahiko kawakore ki te tautoko i ēnei pūnaha.

Kua hangaia e ngā pākahiko kawakore te huarahi e whakamahia ai e tātou ngā taputapu hiko, e tuku ana i te pono me te whānui o ngā mahi mai i tō rātou hanganga. Ko tā rātou whakaputanga ao whānui e horapa ana ki ngā pokapū nui o te Hononga o Amerika, Āhia, me Ūropi, e whakarite ana kia wātea ki ngā kaihoko i ngā wāhi katoa. Ko te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi pēnei i te konutea me te hauhā konupora, me ngā tukanga hanga matatau, kua whakarei ake i tā rātou mahi me te roa o te ora. He mea nui tonu ēnei pākahiko nā te nui o te kaha o te pūngao, te roa o te ora, me te kaha ki te mahi i roto i ngā taiao kanorau. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, e whakapono ana ahau ka tutuki tonu i ngā pākahiko kawakore te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō ngā otinga pūngao whai hua me te pumau.

Ngā Pātai Auau

Kia pēhea te roa ka taea te penapena i ngā pākahiko kawakore?

Ngā pākahiko kawakore, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna roa o te oranga, ka taea te penapena mō te 5 ki te 10 tau me te kore e tino heke te mahi. Nā tōna āhua kore e taea te whakahou ake ka pupuri pai i te kaha mō te wā roa. Hei whakanui ake i te roa o te rokiroki, ka tūtohu ahau kia puritia ki te wāhi hauhautanga, maroke, kia matara atu i te rā tika, i ngā pāmahana tino kino rānei.

Ka taea te whakahou ake i ngā pākahiko kawakore?

Kāo, kāore e taea te whakahou i ngā pākahiko kawakore. Mēnā ka ngana koe ki te whakahou, ka turuturu, ka pakaru rānei. Mō ngā kōwhiringa ka taea te whakamahi anō, ka tūtohu ahau kia tūhuratia ngā momo pākahiko ka taea te whakahou pērā i te nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) me ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, he mea hanga mō ngā huringa whakahou maha.

Ko ēhea ngā taputapu e pai ana te mahi me ngā pākahiko kawakore?

He tino pai te mahi a ngā pākahiko kawakore i roto i ngā taputapu iti te mimiti hiko, ā, he iti te mimiti hiko. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā mana mamao, ngā rama, ngā karaka pakitara, me ngā taonga takaro. Mō ngā taputapu nui te mimiti hiko pērā i ngā kāmera matihiko, ngā mana whakahaere petipeti rānei, ka tūtohu ahau kia whakamahia he pākahiko lithium, he pākahiko ka taea te whakahou anō rānei mō te mahi tino pai.

He aha i turuturu ai ngā pākahiko kawakore i ētahi wā?

Ka puta te turuturu o te pākahiko ina tauhohe ngā matū o roto nā te whakamahinga roa, te tukunga nui rawa, te rokiroki hē rānei. Ka taea e tēnei tauhohenga te meinga kia turuturu te pāhare pākawa waro, te electrolyte. Hei ārai i te turuturu, ka tūtohu ahau kia tangohia ngā pākahiko mai i ngā taputapu kāore e whakamahia ana mō ngā wā roa, me te karo i te whakaranu i ngā pākahiko tawhito me ngā pākahiko hou.

Me pēhea te maka atu i ngā pākahiko kawakore me te haumaru?

I roto i te maha o ngā rohe, ka taea te whakakore i ngā pākahiko kawakore me ngā para o te whare noa nā te mea kua kore he konukōre i roto. Heoi, ka akiaki ahau kia tirohia ngā ture ā-rohe, nā te mea kei ētahi rohe he kaupapa hangarua mō ngā pākahiko. Ka āwhina te hangarua ki te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao, ā, ka tautoko hoki i ngā mahi tauwhiro.

He aha te mea e rerekē ai ngā pākahiko kawakore i ētahi atu momo?

Ko ngā pākahiko kawakore e whakamahi ana i te konutea me te konupora hauhā hei rauemi matua, me te pāhare pākawa waro hei irahiko. He nui ake te kaha o tēnei hanganga, ā, he roa ake te wā e ora ai i ngā momo pākahiko tawhito pērā i te konutea waro. Nā te utu tika me te pono, he mea rongonui ēnei mō te whakamahi i ia rā.

Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pākahiko kawakore i ngā pāmahana tino kino?

Ka pai te mahi a ngā pākahiko kawakore i roto i te awhe pāmahana mai i te 0°F ki te 130°F (-18°C ki te 55°C). Ka taea e te makariri rawa te whakaiti i tā rātou mahi, engari ka taea e te wera nui te turuturu. Mō ngā taputapu e pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga kino, ka tūtohu ahau i ngā pākahiko lithium, he pai ake te whakahaere i ngā pāmahana tino kino.

Me pēhea taku mōhio me whakakapi te pākahiko kawakore?

He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia he tohu o te ngoikore o te mahi a tētahi taputapu e whakamahia ana e ngā pākahiko kawakore, pērā i te whakaiti i ngā rama, te puhoi rānei o te mahi, ina tata pau ngā pākahiko. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu whakamātautau pākahiko ka taea te whakarato i tētahi huarahi tere me te tika ki te tirotiro i te toenga o ā rātou utu.

He huarahi kē atu hei whakakapi i ngā pākahiko kawakore mō te taiao?

Ae, he pai ake te taiao mō ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou pēnei i te NiMH me te lithium-ion. Ka whakaitihia e rātou te para mā te whakamahi i ngā momo whakamahinga. Hei tāpiri, kei te hangaia e ētahi kaihanga ngā pākahiko kawakore me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao, pēnei i ngā mea i hangaia ki ngā rauemi hangarua, i ngā tapuwae waro iti iho rānei.

Me aha ahau mēnā ka turuturu te pākahiko kawakore?

Ki te turuturu te pākahiko, ka tūtohu ahau kia mau karapu hei horoi i te wāhi e pāngia ana ki te ranunga wai me te winika, wai rēmana rānei. Mā tēnei ka whakakorea te matū kawakore. Makahia te pākahiko pakaru kia tika, ā, kia tino horoia te taputapu i mua i te whakauru i ngā pākahiko hou.