Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Mā te tiwhikete ka whakarite te haumaru me te pono o ngā pākahiko waikawa mata, ka whakaiti i ngā mōrearea pēnei i te wera nui me te turuturu.
• Mā te tutuki i ngā paerewa ture ka tiakina ngā kaihanga mai i ngā take ture, ā, ka whakarei ake i tō rātou kaha ki te hokohoko.
• Ka whakatupu te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko i ngā pākahiko whaimana, nā te mea he tohu kounga me te piripono ki ngā tikanga haumaru.
• Ka whakatairangahia te oranga tonutanga o te taiao mā te tiwhikete, me te whakatenatena i ngā mahi hangarua me te whakakorenga rauemi e tika ana.
• He mea nui kia mōhio tonu ngā kaihanga ki ngā ture e whanake haere ana, kia ū tonu ai rātou ki ngā ture e tika ana, kia kore ai hoki e whakaroa i ngā utu nui.
• Mā te mahi tahi me ngā taiwhanga whakamātautau whaimana ka taea te whakahaere i te tukanga tiwhikete me te whakarei ake i te mana o ngā hua.
• Mā te haumi ki ngā tukanga whakapumautanga kounga pakari ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te whakaputa pākahiko pono e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete.

He aha te Hiranga o te Tiwhikete o ngā Pūhiko Waikawa Mata

Te Whakapūmau i te Haumaru me te Pono

Mā te tiwhikete ka whakarite kiaMā te tiwhikete ka whakarite kiate whakatutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru tino pakari, e whakaiti ana i te tūponotanga o ngā aituā.

Te Whakatutuki i ngā Whakaritenga Ture me ngā Whakaritenga Ture

Kei te wātea ngā ture hei tiaki i ngā kaihoko me te taiao. Mā te tiwhikete o ngā pākahiko waikawa mata ka tutuki i a rātou ēnei paerewa ture. Hei tauira, me piri ngā kaihanga ki ngā aratohu e ārai ana i ngā rauemi kino kei pā kino i te wā e whakamahia ana, e whakakorea ana rānei. Kua kite ahau me pēhea te kore tutuki i ngā ture ka arahi ki ngā whiu, ki ngā whakahokinga hua rānei, ka kino ai te ingoa o te kamupene. Ko te tiwhikete he tohu e tutuki ana te pākahiko i ngā whakaritenga ture katoa e tika ana, e āhei ai te hoko i ngā mākete rerekē. He mea nui tēnei taahiraa mō ngā kaihanga e whai ana ki te whakawhānui i te ao whānui me te pupuri tonu i ngā mahi matatika me ngā mahi ture.

Te Whakapai Ake i te Whakawhirinakitanga me te Āheitanga Hokohoko a te Kaihoko

Ina hoko au i tētahi hua, ka rapu au i ngā tiwhikete hei tohu mō te kounga. Mā ngā pākahiko waikawa mata kua tiwhikete ka whakawhirinaki ngā kaihoko ki tō rātou haumaru, ki tō rātou mahi, me te roa. Ka pā tika tēnei whakawhirinaki ki te kaha hokohoko o te kaihanga. Ka tū te hua kua tiwhiketehia i roto i te mākete whakataetae, ka kukume mai i ngā kaihoko me te hanga pono ki te waitohu. Hei tāpiri, ka whakatuwherahia e te tiwhikete ngā tatau ki ngā hononga ki ngā ahumahi e hiahia ana ki ngā paerewa teitei, pērā i ngā rāngai motuka me te pūngao hou. Kua kite ahau he maha ngā wā ka pai ake te ingoa o ngā kamupene whai hua kua tiwhiketehia, ā, ka pai ake hoki ngā whanaungatanga kiritaki.

Te Tautoko i te Oranga Taiao

Ki ahau nei, he mea nui te tiwhikete hei ārahi ite whakatairanga i te oranga tonutanga o te taiaoi roto i te umanga pākahiko.

He maha ngā wā ka tutuki ngā pākahiko kua whakamanahia i ngā paerewa pēnei i teNgā Aratohu WEEE, e aro ana ki te hangarua tika me te whakahaere para. Kua kite ahau i te āhua o te akiaki a ēnei paerewa i ngā kaihanga ki te hoahoa i ngā pākahiko he māmā ake te hangarua. Ka whakaitihia te taumahatanga ki ngā rauemi taiao, ka whakaitihia hoki te para. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia he tapanga mārama ki ngā pākahiko whaimana hei ārahi i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki ngā tikanga whakakore tika.

E mihi ana hoki ahau ki te tautoko a te tiwhikete i te tutuki i ngā ture pēnei i teNgā whakawāteatanga RoHSmō ngā pākahiko waikawa mata. Mā ēnei whakawāteatanga ka taea te whakamahi i te mata i roto i ngā pākahiko, me te whakarite hoki kia tutuki i ngā kaihanga ngā paearu taiao tino pakari. Mā tēnei taurite i waenga i te mahi me te oranga tonutanga e whakaatu te hiranga o te tiwhikete hei tiaki i te ao.

Ki taku whakaaro, he mea nui te tiwhikete mō ngā pākahiko waikawa mata ki te waihanga i tētahi heke mai pumau. Ka pupuri i ngā kaihanga kia whai kawenga mō ō rātou pānga ki te taiao, ā, ka akiaki i te auahatanga ki ngā hoahoa pākahiko e pai ana ki te taiao. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā hua kua tiwhiketetia, e whakapono ana ahau kei te tautoko ahau i ngā kamupene e whakapau kaha ana ki te pumau.

Ngā Paerewa Matua me ngā Ture mō te Whakamana i ngā Pūhiko Waikawa Mata

ISO 9001:2015 mō te Whakahaere Kounga

Ki ahau nei, ko te ISO 9001:2015 te poutokomanawa mō te whakarite i te kounga o te hanga pākahiko waikawa mata. E aro ana tēnei paerewa ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga, e hiahia ana kia whakatūria e ngā kaihanga ngā tukanga e tuku hua pono ana i ngā wā katoa. Kua kite ahau i te whakaatu a ngā kamupene e piri ana ki te ISO 9001:2015 i te whakapau kaha ki te whakapai tonu. Mā tēnei paerewa ka whakarite kia tutuki i ia taahiraa, mai i te hoko rauemi mata ki te huihuinga whakamutunga, ngā paearu kounga tino pakari. Ina whiriwhiria e au tētahi pākahiko kua whai tiwhikete i raro i te ISO 9001:2015, ka whakapono ahau ki tōna mahi me tōna pakari.

IEC 60896-22 mō ngā Pūhiko Waikawa-Mata Tūmau

Ka whakatakotohia e te IEC 60896-22 ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata tūmau, inā koa ngā momo e whakahaerehia ana e te takirere. He maha ngā wā ka whakakahangia e ēnei pākahiko ngā pūnaha nui pēnei i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te rama ohorere. E mihi ana ahau ki te whakanui a tēnei paerewa i te haumaru me te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere rerekē. Hei tauira, kei roto ko ngā aratohu mō te whakamātautau i te pai o te pākahiko me te roa o te ora. Mā te whai i te IEC 60896-22, ka whakarite ngā kaihanga ka taea e ā rātou hua te whakahaere i ngā tono uaua me te kore e whakararu i te pono. Mā tēnei ka marino te hinengaro i ahau e whakamahi ana i ēnei pākahiko i roto i ngā pūnaha nui.

Ngā Paerewa ā-Rohe me ā-Motu

Tiwhikete UL mō te Haumaru i te Hononga o Amerika

He mea nui te tiwhikete UL ki te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā pākahiko waikawa mata i te US. Kua ako au ko tēnei tiwhikete he whakamātautau pakari hei ārai i ngā tūponotanga pēnei i te ru hiko, te wera nui, me te turuturu. Ka tutuki i ngā pākahiko tiwhikete UL ngā paearu haumaru pakari, e pai ai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā kāinga, ngā pakihi, me ngā taiao ahumahi. Ina kite ahau i te tohu UL i runga i tētahi hua, e whakapono ana ahau kua arotakehia pai. Mā tēnei tiwhikete ahau e whakamana he haumaru te pākahiko ki te whakamahi, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa haumaru o te US.

Te Tohu CE mō te Whakatutukitanga o Ūropi

Ko te tohu CE he uruwhenua mō ngā pākahiko waikawa mata i te mākete Pākehā. He tohu tēnei mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga haumaru, hauora, me te taiao o te EU. E mihi ana ahau ki te āhua o tēnei tiwhikete e whakarite ana kia tutuki i ngā pākahiko ngā paerewa teitei, me te noho tonu hei kaitiaki taiao. Mā te tohu CE ka māmā ake te hokohoko i roto i te EU, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te toro atu ki tētahi hunga whakarongo whānui. Ina hoko ahau i tētahi pākahiko kua tohua ki te tohu CE, e mōhio ana ahau kei te rite ki ngā ture a te Pākehā, ā, he pono hoki te mahi.

Ngā Paerewa Taiao me te Hangarua

Ngā Whakakorenga RoHS mō ngā Pūhiko Waikawa-Mata

Mā ngā whakawāteatanga RoHS ka taea te whakamahi i te mata i roto i ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata, me te pupuri tonu i ngā mana whakahaere taiao tino pakari. E mārama ana ahau he mea nui te mata kia pai ai te mahi a ēnei pākahiko. Heoi, me whai ngā kaihanga i ngā aratohu RoHS hei whakaiti i te kino ki te taiao. Mā ēnei whakawāteatanga ka taurite te mahi me te pumau. E mihi ana ahau ki te huarahi e whakatenatena ana tēnei huarahi i te auahatanga ki ngā hoahoa hoa-taiao me te kore e whakararu i te mahi a te pākahiko.

Ngā Aratohu WEEE mō te Hangarua me te Whakakorenga

E whakatairanga ana ngā aratohu WEEE (Para Hiko me ngā Taputapu Hiko) i te hangarua me te whakakorenga tika o ngā pākahiko waikawa mata. Kua kite ahau i te whakaiti a ēnei aratohu i te poke o te taiao mā te whakarite kia tika te whakahaere i ngā rauemi morearea pēnei i te mata me te waikawa whanariki. Ahakoa e 99% te kaha ki te hangarua i ngā pākahiko waikawa mata, ka mutu tonu ētahi ki ngā whenua ururua, ka nui te kino. E akiaki ana ngā aratohu WEEE i ngā kaihanga ki te whakapai ake i ngā tukanga hangarua me te whakaako i ngā kaihoko mō ngā tikanga whakakorenga tika. Ki taku whakaaro ka tautokohia e tēnei mahi he taiao ma, ā, ka whakaitihia te taumahatanga ki ngā rauemi taiao.

Ngā Paerewa Motuhake mō te Ahumahi

IEEE 450 mō te Tiaki me te Whakamātautau

Ki ahau nei, he mea nui te IEEE 450 mō te tiaki me te whakamātautau i ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata. E whakarato ana tēnei paerewa i ngā aratohu mārama hei whakarite kia pono te mahi a ēnei pākahiko puta noa i te roanga o tō rātou oranga. E aro nui ana ki ngā tirotiro auau, te whakamātautau kaha, me te tiaki ārai. Kua kite ahau i te āwhina o te whai i ēnei tikanga ki te tautuhi wawe i ngā raruraru pea, me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā pakaru ohorere.

Hei tauira, e taunaki ana a IEEE 450 i ngā whakamātautau kaha ā-wā hei ine i te kaha o te pākahiko ki te tuku hiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake. E whakaatu ana ēnei whakamātautau mēnā ka taea e te pākahiko te tutuki i ana paerewa mahi e hiahiatia ana. E mihi ana ahau ki te āhua o tēnei huarahi e whakarite ana kia noho pono tonu ngā pākahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha nui, pērā i ngā tārua hiko, i ngā taputapu ahumahi rānei.

E whakaatu ana hoki te paerewa i te hiranga o te pupuri tuhinga tika. Mā te tuhi i ngā mahi tiaki me ngā hua whakamātautau, ka taea e au te aroturuki i te mahi a te pākahiko i roto i te wā. Mā ēnei raraunga ahau e āwhina ki te whakatau whai whakaaro mō ngā whakakapinga, ngā whakapainga rānei. Ki taku whakaaro ko te piri ki te IEEE 450 ehara i te mea ka roa ake te ora o ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata engari ka whakarei ake hoki i tō rātou haumaru me te pono.

Ngā Paerewa NRC mō ngā Whakamahinga Karihi

He paerewa pakari tā te Komihana Whakahaere Matū (NRC) mō ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko karihi. E mārama ana ahau ki te mahi nui a ēnei pākahiko ki te whakarite i te haumaru i ngā wā ohorere. Ka whakaratohia e rātou te hiko tārua ki ngā pūnaha nui, pērā i ngā tikanga whakamatao me ngā papa whakahaere. Mēnā ka pakaru ēnei pākahiko, ka pā kino pea ngā hua kino.

Ko ngā paerewa NRC e arotahi ana ki te tohu me te whakamātautau i ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata Akomanga 1E. Mā ēnei aratohu ka taea e ngā pākahiko te tu atu ki ngā āhuatanga tino kino, tae atu ki ngā pāmahana teitei me ngā huihuinga rū whenua. E mihi ana ahau ki te whakatairanga a ēnei paerewa i te haumaru me te pono i roto i ngā taiao tino uaua.

Hei tauira, me whakamātautau pakari te NRC hei manatoko i te kaha o te pākahiko ki te mahi i raro i te taumahatanga. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakatauira i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu hei aromatawai i tōna pakari me tōna whai huatanga. Kua kite ahau i te āwhina a ēnei whakamātautau i ngā kaihanga ki te whakaputa pākahiko e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa haumaru teitei rawa atu.

Hei tāpiritanga, e aro nui ana te NRC ki te tāutanga me te tiaki tika. Mā te whai i ēnei aratohu, ka taea e au te whakarite kia pai te mahi a ngā pākahiko puta noa i te roanga o te wā mahi. Ki taku whakaaro, kāore e taea te whakahē i te tutuki i ngā paerewa NRC mō tētahi kaihanga e tuku ana i ngā pākahiko ki te umanga karihi. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te whakapau kaha ki te haumaru me te hiranga i roto i tētahi o ngā rāngai tino uaua.

Te Tukanga Tiwhikete mō ngā Pūhiko Waikawa Mata

Ki taku whakaaro ka tīmata te tukanga tiwhikete me te aromatawai tuatahi tino pai. Me kohikohi, me whakarite hoki e ngā kaihanga ngā tuhinga katoa e tika ana e pā ana ki te hoahoa, ngā rauemi, me ngā tukanga whakaputa o ngā pākahiko waikawa mata. Mā tēnei taahiraa ka mārama, ā, ka whakarato i te turanga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whakarite ngā kaihanga i ngā pūrongo taipitopito mō te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga haumaru o te pākahiko. E whakaatu ana ēnei tuhinga i te piripono ki ngā paerewa pēnei iISO 9001, e aro nui ana ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga me te whakapai tonu.

I tēnei wāhanga, kua kite ahau i te aromatawai a ngā kamupene i ā rātou mahi taiao. Mā te piri kiISO 14001āwhina i a rātou ki te whakatū i ngā pūnaha whakahaere taiao whai hua. Mā tēnei ka whakaitihia e ā rātou tukanga whakaputa te pānga ki te taiao. Mā te arotahi ki te kounga me te oranga tonutanga, ka whakatakotohia e ngā kaihanga te atamira mō tētahi haerenga tiwhikete angitu.

Te Whakamātautau me te Tātari Taiwhanga

He mea nui te whakamātautau i roto i te whakamanatanga o ngā pākahiko waikawa mata. Kua kite ahau i te kaha o te tātari taiwhanga e whakarite ana kia tutuki i ēnei pākahiko ngā paerewa mahi me te haumaru.

Te Whakamātautau Mahi mō te Whai Hua me te Roa o te Mahi

Ka arotakehia e te whakamātautau mahi te kaha o te pākahiko ki te tuku hiko pumau i roto i te wā. E mihi ana ahau ki te āhua o te whakaū o tēnei taahiraa i te whai huatanga me te roa o te ora o te hua. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whakatauirahia e ngā whakamātautau ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu hei ine i te pai o te mahi a te pākahiko i raro i ngā kawenga rerekē. Mā tēnei tukanga ka taea e te pākahiko te whakahaere i ngā tono uaua, pērā i te whakakaha i ngā pūnaha pūngao whakahou, te whakarato hiko tārua rānei i te wā e motu ana te hiko.

Ka whakamātauhia hoki e ngā kaihanga te pupuri i te kaha o te pākahiko i roto i tōna roanga o te ora. Mā ēnei raraunga ka āwhina i a rātou ki te whakapai ake i ā rātou hoahoa me te whakapai ake i te pono. Ina whiriwhiria e au tētahi pākahiko kua paahitia te whakamātautau mahi, ka whakapono ahau ki tōna kaha ki te whakatutuki i aku hiahia.

Te Whakamātautau Haumaru mō te Ārai i te Werawera, te Tūtaki, me te Ru

Ko te whakamātautau haumaru e arotahi ana ki te tautuhi i ngā mōrearea pea, pērā i te wera nui, te turuturu, te ru hiko rānei. Kua ako ahau ko tēnei taahiraa ko te whakaatu i te pākahiko ki ngā āhuatanga tino kino kia mau tonu ai te haumaru me te pumau. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā whakamātautau te whakatauira i ngā pāmahana teitei, i ngā pānga tinana rānei hei aromatawai i te pakari o te pākahiko.

Ngā tiwhikete pērā iULmeVDSme tutuki e ngā kaihanga ngā paearu haumaru tino pakari. Mā ēnei paerewa ka taea e te pākahiko te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā taiao maha, tae atu ki ngā kāinga, ngā pakihi, me ngā taiao ahumahi. E whakawhirinaki ana ahau ki ngā hua kua oti te whakamātautau pakari pēnei nā te mea e whakatairanga ana i te haumaru o te kaiwhakamahi.

Arotake me te Whakaae i ngā Whakaritenga

I muri i te otinga o ngā whakamātautau, ka tukuna e ngā kaihanga ā rātou kitenga mō te arotake i ngā whakaritenga. Ki ahau nei, he wāhanga nui tēnei e arotakehia ai e ngā tohunga mēnā ka tutuki i te pākahiko ngā paerewa me ngā ture katoa e tika ana. Hei tauira, i Ūropi, me tutuki ngā hua i ngā whakaritenga.Tohu CEngā whakaritenga hei whakarite kia tutuki i ngā paerewa hauora, haumaru, me te tiaki taiao.

He maha ngā wā ka uru atu ki te tukanga arotake he tirotiro i ngā whare hanga. Ka whakamanahia e ngā kaitātari kei te hangai ngā tukanga whakaputa ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga me te taiao kua tuhia. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakamanahia ahau kei te pupuri tonu te kaihanga i ngā paerewa teitei puta noa i te huringa whakaputa katoa.

Kia oti te arotake, ka tukuna te tiwhikete e te rōpū tiwhikete. Mā tēnei whakaaetanga ka taea e te kaihanga te tapa i tā rātou hua he tiwhikete, hei tohu i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ki ngā kaihoko me ngā mana whakahaere. Ki taku whakaaro, ehara i te mea ka whakamanahia te kounga o te hua e tēnei taahiraa whakamutunga, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i tōna āheinga ki te hokohoko.

Te Tukunga o te Tiwhikete me te Tapanga mō te Whakaurunga ki te Mākete

Ki taku titiro, ko te tukunga o te tiwhikete te taahiraa whakamutunga, me te taahiraa tino whai hua o te tukanga. I muri i te tutuki i ngā paerewa katoa e hiahiatia ana, ka whiwhi ngā kaihanga i te whakaaetanga mana ki te hokohoko i ā rātou pākahiko waikawa mata. He tohu whakawhirinaki tēnei tiwhikete, e tohu ana kei te tutuki te hua i ngā aratohu tino pakari mō te haumaru, te mahi, me te taiao.

Ngā tinana whakamana, pērā i te hunga e whai kawenga ana mōISO 9001 or Tohu CE, whakaputa i ēnei whakaaetanga. Hei tauira,ISO 9001Mā te tiwhikete e whakaū kua whakatinanahia e te kaihanga tētahi pūnaha whakahaere kounga pakari. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia whakapai tonuhia te kounga o te hua. Kua kite ahau i te āhua o te whakamanawa a tēnei tiwhikete ki ngā kaihoko mō te pono me te ōritetanga o ngā pākahiko e hokona ana e rātou.

Kia whai tiwhikete, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te tāpiri i ngā tohu e rite ana ki ā rātou hua. Ko ēnei tapanga, pērā i teTohu CEi Ūropi, hei tohu kitea mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Ki ahau nei he mea nui ēnei tohu mā ngā kaihoko me ngā pakihi. Ka whakangāwari ake i te tukanga whakatau mā te whakaatu i ngā hua e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa teitei. Hei tauira, ko teTohu CEe whakapūmau ana kei te piri te pākahiko ki ngā ture hauora, haumaru, me te tiaki taiao i roto i te Rohe Ōhanga o Ūropi.

I ētahi wā, ko ngā tiwhikete motuhake pērā iTiwhikete VDSKa whai wāhi mai hoki. He mea nui tēnei tiwhikete mō ngā pākahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha kimi ahi me te whakaoho. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutuki i te hua ngā tono pakari o te mākete haumarutanga. E mihi ana ahau ki te āhua o te whakarei ake a ēnei tiwhikete tāpiri i te mana o te hua i roto i ngā ahumahi motuhake.

Ehara i te mea ko ngā kaihoko anake te painga o te tapanga. Ka whakatuwherahia hoki ngā tatau mō ngā kaihanga ki te uru atu ki ngā mākete hou. Ka māmā ake te uru atu o ngā hua kua whai tiwhikete ki ngā rohe he tino kaha ngā whakaritenga ture. Hei tauira, he pākahiko meTohu CEka taea te hoko puta noa i Ūropi me te kore he whakamātautau tāpiri. Mā tēnei ka whakangāwari i te tukanga whakauru ki te mākete, ā, ka whakanui ake i te whakataetae a te kaihanga.

Ki taku whakaaro ko te tapanga tika e whakaata ana hoki i te whakapau kaha o te kamupene ki te mārama. He maha ngā wā kei roto i ngā tapanga ngā kōrero nui, pērā i ngā tohutohu hangarua, ngā whakatūpato haumaru rānei. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakamahi me te maka atu i te hua me te whai kawenga. Hei tauira, ko ngā pākahiko e piri ana kiISO 14001whakaatu i te whakapau kaha o te kaihanga ki te oranga tonutanga o te taiao. E hangai ana tēnei ki ōku uara hei kaihoko e whakatairanga ana i ngā mahi atawhai taiao.

Ki taku whakaaro, ehara i te mea he tikanga noa iho te tukunga o te tiwhikete me te tapanga. Koinei te mutunga o ngā mahi pakari hei whakarite i te kounga, te haumaru, me te pumau. Ina kite ahau i tētahi pākahiko kua whai tiwhikete me te tapanga tika, ka whakapono ahau ki tana mahi me ngā tikanga matatika kei muri i tana hanga.

Ngā Wero Noa i roto i te Tukanga Tiwhikete

Te Whakatere i ngā Ture Uaua me ngā Ture e Whanake Ana

He maha ngā wā ka kitea e au ko te whai i ngā ture e huri haere ana he rite ki te whakatere i tētahi arai. He rerekē ngā paerewa tiwhikete mō ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata i ngā rohe katoa, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whanake hei aro atu ki ngā āwangawanga hou mō te haumaru, te taiao, me te mahi. Hei tauira, ko ngā paerewa pēnei iIEC 62133e whakamārama ana i ngā whakaritenga haumaru mō ngā pūtau tuarua hiri kawe, engari ka taea e ngā whakahoutanga o ēnei aratohu te whakapoauau i ngā kaihanga. Kua kite ahau ko te pupuri i ngā ture me aroturuki tonu i ngā huringa ture.

Ko ētahi ture, pērā i ngā mea kei raro i teNgā Tikanga EPA 12, 22, me te 29, arotahi ki te whakahaere i ngā rauemi morearea pēnei i te mata. Ko te whāinga o ēnei ture he whakaiti i te kino ki te taiao, engari ka taea e ngā kaihanga te noho uaua ki runga i te uaua. Ki taku whakaaro ko te mārama ki ēnei whakaritenga uaua me whai tohungatanga me ngā rauemi, ka uaua pea ki ngā kamupene iti te uru atu. Ki te kore he aratohu tika, ka taea e te whakatere i ēnei ture te whakaroa i te tiwhikete me te urunga ki te mākete.

Te Whakatika i te Kore-Ture me ngā Rahunga Whakamātautau

He maha ngā wā ka puta he arai nui i te wā o te tiwhikete i ngā korenga o te whakamātautau. Kua kite ahau i te pakari o ngā whakamātautau, pērā i ngā mea kua whakarārangihia i roto iPaerewa IEEE 450-2010, kia mau tonu te mahi a ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata. Heoi, ahakoa ngā hapa iti o te hoahoa, ngā rerekētanga rauemi rānei, ka taea te kore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Hei tauira, ka rahua pea ngā pākahiko i ngā whakamātautau haumaru mō te wera nui, te turuturu rānei, ā, me arotake anō e ngā kaihanga ā rātou hoahoa.

Ehara i te mea ka whakaroa noa te korenga o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga; engari ka piki ake hoki ngā utu. Me haumi ngā kaihanga ki te hanga hou me te whakamātautau anō i ā rātou hua, ka taea ai e tēnei te whakararu i te tahua. Kua kite ahau i te āhua o te kino o te ingoa o te kamupene nā te maha o ngā hapa, ka uaua ake ai te whiwhi whakawhirinaki mai o ngā kaihoko. Ko te aro atu ki ēnei take me whai huarahi matatau, tae atu ki te whakamātautau i mua i te tiwhikete me ngā mahi whakahaere kounga.

Te Whakahaere i ngā Utu me ngā Here Wā

He rite tonu te tukanga tiwhikete ki te whakataetae ki te wā me te tahua. Me nui te haumi pūtea mō te whakamātautau, te tuhi tuhinga, me ngā arotake hanganga ture. Hei tauira, ko te piri ki ngā paerewa pēnei i teISO 9001ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga pakari, he nui te utu mō ngā kaihanga. Kua kite ahau he uaua ki ngā kamupene iti te tohatoha rauemi mō ēnei whakaritenga.

Ka tāpirihia e ngā herenga wā tētahi atu paparanga uaua. He maha ngā mahi e whai wāhi ana ki te tiwhikete, mai i ngā aromatawai tuatahi ki ngā whakaaetanga whakamutunga. Ka taea e ngā whakaroa i tētahi wāhanga te whakararuraru i ngā wātaka whakaputa me ngā whakarewatanga mākete. Ki taku whakaaro ko te whakataurite i ēnei tono me whai whakamahere tupato me te whakahaere rauemi whai hua. Ki te kore he rautaki mārama, ka tūpono ngā kaihanga ki te ngaro i ngā rā kati nui me te ngaro o ngā painga whakataetae.

Te Whakapūmau i te Tūturutanga puta noa i ngā Mākete o te Ao

Ki ahau nei, ko te pupuri i te ōritetanga puta noa i ngā mākete o te ao tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino uaua o te tiwhikete pākahiko. He rerekē ngā rohe e whakatinana ana i ngā paerewa ahurei, ā, ka uaua ake pea te tukanga mō ngā kaihanga e whai ana ki te hoko i ā rātou hua ki tāwāhi. Hei tauira, ko teIEC 62133e whakamārama ana te paerewa i ngā whakaritenga haumaru mō ngā pūtau tuarua hiri kawe, ko teNgā Tikanga EPA 12, 22, me te 29arotahi ki te whakahaere i ngā rauemi morearea pēnei i te mata. Me whakarerekē e ēnei ture rerekē ā rātou tukanga kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia ā-rohe.

Hei whakarite i te ōritetanga, ki taku whakaaro me whai ngā kaihanga i tētahi huarahi matatau. Te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere kounga pakari, pērā i tētahi e hangai ana kiISO 9001, ka āwhina i te whakataurite i ngā tikanga whakaputa. Mā tēnei ka tutuki i ia pākahiko ngā paearu kounga teitei, ahakoa te wāhi e hokona ana. Kua kite ahau me pēhea e taea ai e ngā kamupene e whai ana i ēnei pūnaha te whakahaere i ā rātou mahi me te whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā hua e tukuna ana ki ngā mākete rerekē.

Ko tētahi atu taahiraa nui ko te whakamātautau me te tuhi tuhinga. Ngā paerewa pēnei iPaerewa IEEE 450-2010Whakarei ake i ngā tikanga aroturuki āhua me te whakamātautau whakaae kia mau tonu ai te mahi. Mā te piri ki ēnei aratohu, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te manatoko kei te pono te mahi a ā rātou pākahiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. E mihi ana ahau ki te huarahi e hanga ai e tēnei huarahi te whakawhirinaki i waenga i ngā kaihoko me ngā whakahaere ture puta noa i te ao.

E kite ana hoki ahau i te hiranga o te tapanga mārama me ngā tohu tiwhikete. Ko ngā tapanga pēnei i teTohu CEi Ūropi rāneiTiwhikete ULi roto i te Hononga o Amerika e whakaatu ana i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Mā ēnei tohu ka māmā ake te tukanga whakatau a ngā kaihoko, ā, ka whakarite kia tutuki i ngā hua ngā paerewa haumaru me te taiao e hiahiatia ana i roto i ō rātou rohe. Ina hoko au i tētahi pākahiko whaimana, ka tino whakapono ahau kei te piri ki ngā tumanakohanga kounga o te ao.

Ki taku whakaaro, he mea nui te mahi tahi me ngā taiwhanga whakamātautau whaimana hei whakatutuki i te ōritetanga. Kei ēnei taiwhanga te tohungatanga ki te whakatere i ngā ture uaua me te whakahaere aromatawai pakari. Mā te mahi tahi me ēnei whakahaere ka noho tonu ngā kaihanga ki ngā paerewa e whanake haere ana, ā, ka mau tonu te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga puta noa i ngā mākete katoa. Ki taku whakaaro, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake tēnei rautaki i te pono o te hua engari ka whakapakari ake hoki i te ingoa o te kamupene i te ao whānui.

Ko te whakapau kaha me te whakamahere rautaki kia tutuki ai te pumau puta noa i ngā mākete o te ao. Mā te haumi ki ngā tukanga paerewa, te whakamātautau pakari, me ngā hononga mahi tahi a ngā tohunga, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te wikitoria i ngā wero ā-rohe me te tuku pākahiko pono, kounga teitei puta noa i te ao.

Ngā otinga hei wikitoria i ngā wero tiwhikete

Te mahi tahi me ngā Taiwhanga Whakamātautau Whaimana

Ki taku whakaaro mā te mahi tahi me ngā taiwhanga whakamātautau whaimana ka māmā ake te tukanga tiwhikete. Kei ēnei taiwhanga te tohungatanga ki te whakahaere aromatawai pakari me te whakarite kia tutuki ngā paerewa haumaru, mahi, me te taiao. Hei tauira, ko ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te UL, IEC, me te CE Marking me whai tikanga whakamātautau tika ka taea e ngā taiwhanga motuhake anake te whakarato. Mā te mahi tahi me ēnei tohunga, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te tautuhi wawe i ngā take ka taea te whakatika i mua i te tuku i ā rātou hua mō te tiwhikete.

Ka noho tonu hoki ngā taiwhanga whaimana ki te mōhio ki ngā huringa ture hou. Mā tēnei mōhiotanga ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te whakataurite i ā rātou hua ki ngā paerewa e whanake haere ana. Kua kite ahau me pēhea te whakaiti a tēnei hononga i te mōrearea o te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te tere ake i te tukanga tiwhikete. Hei tauira, i te wā e whakamātautau ana mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga UN38.3, e whakarite ana i te haumaru o te pākahiko i te wā e kawe ana, ka whai ēnei taiwhanga i ngā tikanga tino pakari hei manatoko i te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino. Mā tēnei taumata o te tika ka whakamana ahau i te pono o ngā pākahiko whaimana.

Hei tāpiri, mā te mahi tahi me ēnei taiwhanga ka hanga whakawhirinakitanga ki ngā kaihoko. He nui ake te mana o tētahi hua kua whakamatautauria e tētahi umanga whai mana. E mihi ana ahau ki te āhua o tēnei mahi tahi, ehara i te mea ka whakarite noa i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te ingoa o te kaihanga.

Kia Mōhio Tonu ki ngā Huringa Ture me ngā Paerewa

He maha ngā wā ka whanake haere ngā ture mō te tiwhikete pākahiko. Kua kite ahau i te āhua o te angitu o te kaihanga mā te noho mōhio ki ēnei huringa. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whakahoutia e ngā paerewa pēnei i te RoHS me te CE Marking ā rātou aratohu hei aro atu ki ngā āwangawanga hou mō te taiao me te haumaru. Ko ngā kaihanga kāore e urutau ki te whakarerekē ka tūpono ki te whakaroa i te tiwhikete, ki te aukati rānei i te mākete.

Hei noho whakamua, ka tūtohu ahau kia ohauru koe ki ngā pānui ahumahi me te whakauru atu ki ngā whakahaere ngaio. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei rauemi he whakahōutanga wā tika mō ngā huringa ture. Hei tauira, ko ngā whakahaere pēnei i te International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ka whakaputa auau i ngā whakahoutanga ki ngā paerewa pēnei i te IEC 60896-22, e aro ana ki ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata tūmau. Mā te aroturuki i ēnei whakahōutanga, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakarerekē i ā rātou tukanga.

E whakapono ana hoki ahau ki te whakamahi i te hangarau hei aroturuki i ngā huringa. Ka āwhina ngā taputapu pēnei i te pūmanawa whakahaere ture i ngā kaihanga ki te whai i ngā ture maha puta noa i ngā rohe rerekē. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei huarahi ngā hapa, ā, ka whakarite kia rite tonu te tutuki i ngā paerewa o te ao. Ehara i te mea ka māmā noa te whakamanatanga mā te noho mōhio engari ka whakapakari anō hoki i te tūranga o te kamupene i te mākete.

Te haumi ki ngā tukanga whakaū kounga pakari

He mea nui te whakapūmau kounga ki te wikitoria i ngā wero tiwhikete. Kua kite ahau me pēhea te iti ake o ngā arai e pā ana ki ngā kaihanga he pūnaha whakahaere kounga kaha i te wā whakamātautau me ngā arotake hanganga ture. Ko ngā paerewa pēnei i te ISO 9001:2015 e whakanui ana i te hiranga o ngā tukanga pumau me te whakapai tonu. Mā te whakatinana i ēnei mahi, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaputa pākahiko pono e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete.

Ka tīmata tētahi tukanga whakapūmau kounga pakari mā te tirotiro hōhonu i ia wāhanga whakaputa. Hei tauira, mā te whakamātautau i ngā rauemi mata mō te parakore ka whakarite kia rite te hua ki tā te tumanako. Mā ngā arotakenga auau me ngā aromatawai mahi ka āwhina i te tautuhi wawe i ngā take pea. E mihi ana ahau ki te whakaiti a tēnei huarahi matatau i te tūponotanga o ngā rahunga whakamātautau me te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

Mā te haumi ki te whakangungu kaimahi ka kaha ake te whakapūmautanga kounga. E mārama ana ngā kaimahi pūkenga ki te hiranga o te piri ki ngā paerewa, ā, ka taea e rātou te kite i ngā hapa i mua i te pikinga ake. Kua kite ahau i te huarahi e kore ai e ngāwari noa te whakamanatanga o tēnei arotahi ki te kounga, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te pai o te kiritaki. Ina hoko ahau i tētahi pākahiko mai i tētahi kaihanga he pūnaha whakapūmautanga kounga kaha tōna, ka whakapono ahau ki tōna haumaru me tana mahi.

Ki taku whakaaro, ko ēnei otinga—te mahi tahi me ngā taiwhanga whaimana, te noho mōhio ki ngā ture, me te haumi ki te whakapūmau kounga—ka waihanga i tētahi turanga pakari mō te wikitoria i ngā wero tiwhikete. Ka whakangawari i te tukanga, ka whakaiti i ngā mōrearea, ā, ka hanga whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaihoko.

Te Whakamahi i te Tohungatanga mai i ngā Kaitohutohu Ahumahi

Kua kitea e au he mahi nui tā ngā kaitohutohu ahumahi ki te whakahaere i te tukanga tiwhikete mō ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata. He maha ngā tau o te wheako me te mātauranga motuhake e kawea mai ana e ēnei tohunga, hei āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te whakatere i ngā ture uaua me ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau. Mā tā rātou aratohu ka whakarite kia rite ia taahiraa o te haerenga tiwhikete ki ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te UL, IEC, me te CE Marking.

He maha ngā wā ka tīmata ngā kaitohutohu ahumahi mā te arotake hōhonu i ngā tukanga a te kaihanga. Ka kitea e rātou ngā āputa i roto i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ā, ka tūtohu i ngā otinga mahi. Hei tauira, i te wā e whakarite ana mō ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te UN38.3, e whakarite ana i te haumaru o te pākahiko i te wā e kawe ana, ka whakaratohia e ngā kaitohutohu he māramatanga taipitopito ki ngā tikanga whakamātautau. Mā tēnei tohungatanga ka whakaitihia ngā hapa, ka whakaitihia hoki te mōrearea o te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

E mihi ana ahau ki te huarahi e tuku ai ngā kaitohutohu i ngā rautaki kua whakaritea kia tutuki ai ngā whāinga tiwhikete motuhake. E mārama ana rātou ki ngā wero ahurei e pā ana ki ngā kaihanga i ngā mākete rerekē. Hei tauira, ka āwhina rātou i ngā kamupene ki te whakarerekē i ā rātou hua kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa ā-rohe pērā i a KC i Kōrea ki te Tonga, i a PSE rānei i Hapani. Mā tēnei whakarerekētanga ka tutuki i ngā pākahiko ngā tumanakohanga haumaru me te mahi a ngā rōpū whakahaere rerekē.

Ko tētahi atu painga o te mahi tahi me ngā kaitohutohu ko tō rātou kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā tuhinga. He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he pepa mahi whānui mō te tiwhikete, tae atu ki ngā pūrongo whakamātautau me ngā whakapuakitanga tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Ka āwhina ngā kaitohutohu ki te whakarite me te whakaatu i ēnei mōhiohio kia mārama, kia tika hoki. Mā tā rātou tautoko ka penapena wā, ā, ka ārai i ngā whakaroa i te tukanga arotake.

"Ko te tiwhikete pākahiko he whakamātautau me te manatoko i ngā pākahiko kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa haumaru, mahi, me te taiao." –Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau Tiwhikete Pūhiko

Kua kite ahau kei te noho tonu ngā kaitohutohu ki ngā ture e whanake haere ana. Mā tēnei huarahi matatau ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te matapae i ngā huringa me te whakarerekē i ā rātou tukanga. Hei tauira, ina puta mai ngā aratohu taiao hou i raro i te RoHS, ka ārahi ngā kaitohutohu i ngā kamupene ki te whakatinana i ngā mahi atawhai taiao me te kore e whakararu i te mahi a te hua.

Ki taku whakaaro, he haumitanga ki te angitu te whakamahi i ngā tohungatanga o ngā kaitohutohu ahumahi. Ehara i te mea ka whakangāwari noa iho ā rātou māramatanga i te tukanga tiwhikete engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te kounga whānui me te pono o ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata. Mā te mahi tahi me ēnei tohunga, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te kawe mai i ngā hua kua tiwhiketehia ki te mākete me te maia, me te whakarite i te haumaru, te mahi, me te pumau.

Te Pānga o te Tiwhikete ki ngā Kaihanga me ngā Kaihoko

Ngā Painga mō ngā Kaihanga

Te Whakapai Ake i te Uru ki te Mākete me te Whakataetae

Ki taku titiro, he huarahi te tiwhikete mō ngā kaihanga ki te uru atu ki ngā mākete whānui. Ka tutuki ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata kua tiwhikete i ngā paerewa o te ao me te rohe, pērā iEN 60896-11mō ngā pākahiko kua whakaritea e te takirere,EN 60254mō ngā pākahiko kukume. Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā hua i ngā whakaritenga haumaru me te mahi, kia tika ai te hoko i ngā rohe rerekē. Hei tauira, he pākahiko kua tiwhiketehia i raro i teTohu CEka taea te uru atu ki te mākete o Ūropi me te kore he whakamātautau tāpiri. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te hokohoko, ka whānui ake hoki ngā whai wāhitanga mō ngā kaihanga.

Ka whakarei ake hoki te tiwhikete i te whakataetae. Ka tū motuhake ngā hua whai tiwhikete whai mana i roto i ngā mākete kapi. Kua kite ahau i te pai ake o ngā kaihoko me ngā pakihi ki ngā pākahiko whai tiwhikete nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana rātou ki te kounga me te pono o aua pākahiko. He maha ngā wā ka whiwhi ngā kaihanga whai hua whai tiwhikete i te ingoa mō te hiranga, e kukume ana i ngā kaihoko me te whakatairanga i ngā hononga mahi mō te wā roa. Hei tauira, ko ngā ahumahi pēnei i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te pūngao whakahou e hiahia ana ki ngā pākahiko whai tiwhikete hei whakarite i te mahi pumau i roto i ngā tono nui. Mā te whakatutuki i ēnei tumanakohanga ka whakapakari i te tūranga o te kaihanga i roto i te mākete.

Te Whakaiti i ngā Mōrearea Ture me ngā Mōrearea Pūtea

Ki taku whakapono ka whakaitihia e te tiwhikete ngā mōrearea ture me ngā mōrearea pūtea mō ngā kaihanga. Mā te kore e tutuki i ngā ture ka arahi pea ki ngā whiu, ki te whakahoki mai i ngā hua, ki te aukati rānei i ētahi mākete. He tohu te tiwhikete e tutuki ana i tētahi hua ngā whakaritenga ture katoa e tika ana, e whakaiti ana i te tūponotanga o aua take. Hei tauira, ko te piri kiGB T 19638.2mō ngā pākahiko hiri kua whakaritea e te takirere pumau ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa haumaru, ka tiaki i ngā kaihanga mai i ngā kereme ture pea.

Ka whakaitihia hoki e te tiwhikete ngā mōrearea pūtea mā te whakapai ake i te pono o te hua. Ko ngā pākahiko e paahitia ana ngā whakamātautau pakari, pērā i ngā mea kua whakarārangihia i roto i teEN 61056-1, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka pakaru i te wā e whakamahia ana. Ka whakaitihia ngā kereme pūtāhui me ngā utu whakatika, ka penapena moni a ngā kaihanga i te wā roa. Kua kite ahau i te whai hua o te haumi ki te tiwhikete mā te aukati i ngā raruraru utu nui me te hanga whakawhirinaki a ngā kaihoko.

Ngā Painga mō ngā Kaihoko

Te Whakapūmau i te Haumaru, te Mahi, me te Roa o te Ora

Hei kaihoko, e whakanuia ana e au te whakamanatanga e tukuna ana e ngā pākahiko kua whakamanahia. Mā te whakamanatanga ka whakamanahia kua whakamatautauria te pākahiko kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi tino pakari. Hei tauira, ko ngā whakamanatanga pēnei iULarotahi ki te aukati i ngā tūponotanga pēnei i te wera nui, te turuturu, me te ru hiko. Mā tēnei ka whakamanawa mai ki ahau ka mahi haumaru te pākahiko i roto i ngā taiao rerekē.

Ka tukuna hoki e ngā pākahiko whaimana he mahi pumau me te roa o te ora.EN 60982kia mau tonu te whai huatanga o ngā pākahiko i roto i te wā, ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua. Ina whiriwhiria e au tētahi pākahiko whaimana, e whakapono ana ahau ka tutuki i a ia aku hiahia me te kore he hapa ohorere. He mea nui rawa tēnei pono mō ngā tono nui, pērā i ngā pūnaha hiko tārua, ngā taputapu hauora rānei.

Te Whakapono ki ngā Mahi Taiao

Ki taku whakapono, ka whakatairangahia e te tiwhikete ngā mahi tiaki taiao, e whai hua ai ngā kaihoko me te ao tūroa. E tutuki ana ngā pākahiko kua whakamanahia ki ngā aratohu pēnei iWEEEmō te hangarua me te whakakorenga, kia tika ai te whakahaere i ngā rauemi morearea. Hei tauira, e 99% te kaha ki te hangarua i ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata, engari ka kino pea te taiao mā te whakakorenga hē. Ka akiaki te tiwhikete i ngā kaihanga ki te whai i ngā tikanga tauwhiro, ka whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.

Ngā tiwhikete pērā iNgā whakawāteatanga RoHSka taurite hoki i waenga i te mahi me te oranga tonutanga. Ka whakaaetia te whakamahinga o te mata i roto i ngā pākahiko, me te whakatinana i ngā mana whakahaere taiao tino pakari. Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakamanahia ahau e tutuki ana te pākahiko e hokona ana e au i ngā paerewa taiao teitei me te kore e whakararu i te mahi. Ko te tapanga mārama i runga i ngā pākahiko whaimana ka ārahi i ahau ki ngā tikanga whakakore tika, kia māmā ake ai te whai wāhi atu ki ngā mahi oranga tonutanga.

Ki taku whakaaro, he painga mō te katoa e whai wāhi ana te tiwhikete o ngā pākahiko waikawa mata. Ka whiwhi ngā kaihanga i te urunga ki te mākete me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea, ā, ka whiwhi ngā kaihoko i ngā hua haumaru, pono, me te hoa-taiao. E whakaatu ana tēnei painga tahi i te hiranga o te tiwhikete i roto i te umanga pākahiko o ēnei rā.

Ki taku titiro, ko te tiwhikete o ngā pākahiko waikawa mata he tukanga nui hei whakarite kia tutuki i ēnei hua ngā paerewa haumaru, mahi, me te taiao. He painga tēnei tukanga mā ngā kaihanga mā te whakatuwhera i ngā tatau ki ngā mākete o te ao me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Mō ngā kaihoko, ka whakamanahia ngā hua pono me te pumau. Ko te wikitoria i ngā wero o te tiwhikete me whai mahere rautaki me te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga. Me whakapau kaha ngā kaihanga ki te kounga me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kia pai ai te whakatere i ngā ture e whanake ana. Mā te whakatairanga i te tiwhikete, e whakapono ana ahau ka taea e tātou te hanga whakawhirinaki, te whakarei ake i te haumaru, me te whakatairanga i te pumau i roto i te umanga pākahiko.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha ngā tiwhikete e tika ana mō ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata?

Ki taku whakaaro ko ngā tiwhikete tino nui koTiwhikete UL, Tohu CE, Tiwhikete IEC, meISO 9001:2015.

Me pēhea te mahi a te tukanga tiwhikete?

He maha ngā mahi kei roto i te tukanga. Tuatahi, ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaihanga hearomatawai tuatahiki te kohikohi tuhinga mō te hoahoa me ngā rauemi.

He aha i rerekē ai ngā utu me ngā wā whakamana?

Ko ngā utu me ngā wā e whakaritea ana ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo tiwhikete. Hei tauira,Tiwhikete ULtērā pea ka hiahiatia he whakamātautau haumaru whānui, ka piki ake ai ngā utu.Tiwhikete PSEi Hapani he whakaritenga motuhake hei whakaroa i te wātaka. Kua kite ahau ko ngā tiwhikete pēnei iTohu CEhe tere ake mō ngā kaihanga kua mōhio kē ki ngā paerewa Pākehā.

He aha te kaupapa o te tiwhikete UN38.3?

Mā tēnei tiwhikete ka whakarite te haumaru o te pākahiko i te wā e kawe ana. Kei roto ko ngā whakamātautau pēnei i te whakatauira teitei, te wiri, me te ru wera. E mihi ana ahau ki te āhua o tana whakarite ka taea e ngā pākahiko te tu atu i ngā āhuatanga tino kino me te kore e tūpono he mōrearea. He mea nui te tutuki i te UN38.3 mō te kawe i ngā pākahiko mā te rangi, te moana, te whenua rānei.

He aha ngā painga o te Tohu CE ki ngā kaihanga?

Mā te Tohu CE ka māmā ake te hokohoko i roto i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. E whakaatu ana i te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru, hauora, me te taiao o te EU. Kua kite ahau i te āheinga o tēnei tiwhikete ki ngā kaihanga ki te hoko i ā rātou hua puta noa i Ūropi me te kore he whakamātautau tāpiri. Ka hangaia hoki te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko mā te tohu i ngā paerewa kounga teitei.

He aha te mea motuhake ai te Tiwhikete KC?

TeKC Markhe mea motuhake ki Kōrea-ki-te-Tonga. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutuki i ngā pākahiko ngā ture haumaru me te mahi a te whenua. Ki te kore tēnei tiwhikete, kāore e taea e ngā kaihanga te uru atu ki te mākete Kōrea-ki-te-Tonga. Ki ahau nei he mea nui tēnei mō ngā kamupene e whai ana ki te whakawhānui i tō rātou whānuitanga o te ao.

Me pēhea te pupuri tonu a ngā kaihanga i ngā ture e tutukihia ana?

Me arotake tonu ngā kaihanga i ā rātou tukanga me te whakahou i ā rātou tiwhikete. Hei tauira, ko ngā paerewa pēnei iISO 9001:2015me whakapai tonu ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga. Kua kite ahau mā te noho mōhio ki ngā huringa ture ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te karo i te kore tutuki i ngā ture, me te pupuri tonu i te urunga ki te mākete.

He aha ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā tiwhikete UL me IEC?

Tiwhikete ULe arotahi ana ki ngā paerewa haumaru i te Hononga o Amerika. Kei roto ko ngā whakamātautau mō te ru hiko, te wera nui, me te turuturu.Tiwhikete IEC, i tētahi atu taha, e pā ana ki te ao whānui, ā, e aro nui ana ki te mahi me te pono. Ki taku whakaaro he mea nui ngā mea e rua, i runga i te mākete e whāia ana.

He aha te hiranga o ngā tuhinga i roto i te tukanga tiwhikete?

Mā te tuhinga ka kitea te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Kei roto ko ngā taipitopito mō te hoahoa o te pākahiko, ngā rauemi, me ngā hua whakamātautau. Ka whakamahia e ngā rōpū whakamana ēnei mōhiohio hei aromatawai mēnā ka tutuki te hua i ngā paerewa e hiahiatia ana. Kua kite ahau i te tere o te tukanga arotake me te whakaiti i ngā whakaroa mā te tuhinga taipitopito.

He pēhea te pānga o te tiwhikete ki ngā kaihoko?

Mā te tiwhikete ka whakamanahia te haumaru, te mahi, me te kawenga taiao a ngā kaihoko. Hei tauira, ko ngā pākahiko kua whakamanahia e tutuki ana i ngā aratohu hangarua pēnei iWEEEE whakapono ana ahau ki te hoko i ngā hua kua whai tiwhikete nā te mea e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa tino pakari, ā, e tautoko ana hoki i ngā mahi tauwhiro.